scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infections in apparently healthy urban Nigerians: data from pre-vaccination tests

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses P. Adoga ◽  
Silas D. Gyar ◽  
Simon Pechulano ◽  
Obadiah D. Bashayi ◽  
Samuel E. Emiasegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
And Gender

Background: In spite of the availability of an effective vaccine since 1982 against hepatitis B, infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV, still persists in most parts of the world with Nigeria being described as an endemic zone. We therefore set out to establish the prevalence of this infection and evaluate its relationship with age and gender in urban Nigerians. Methodology: During pre-vaccination tests, blood samples were collected by finger-prick and venepuncture from 1,891 subjects aged ≤ 60 years, between 2008 and 2009 after having obtained informed consent and ethical clearance. Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) and ShantestTM-HBsAg Elisa (Shantha Biotechnics Ltd, Hyderabad, India) were used for initial and confirmatory tests respectively. Results: Of the 1,891 participants, 957 (50.6 %) were males and 934 (49.4%) were females. Overall 114 (6.0%) were positive, of whom 71 (7.4%) were males and 43 (4.6%) females. Those aged 21-30 years had the highest infection rate, and males were more likely to be infected with the virus than females (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Such a high prevalence of a vaccine-preventable infection questions the effectiveness of the Nigerian vaccination strategies. The Nigerian government hepatitis B vaccination programme, which hitherto is limited to the National Childhood Immunisation Programme, should include the adult population.

scholarly journals Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection following the implementation of immunisation programmes in northeastern Greece

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Zacharakis ◽  
S Kotsiou ◽  
M Papoutselis ◽  
N Vafiadis ◽  
F Tzara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
General Population ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Immunisation Programme ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
B Virus

The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in the general population and selected groups of immigrants in the region of northeastern Greece over the last decade in relation to the introduction of hepatitis B vaccination programmes. Two population-based seroprevalence surveys were carried out during the years 1992-1994 and 1998-2006. In total, 25,105 individuals were tested for the presence of hepatitis B virus markers: HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Childhood/adolescence immunisation programmes began early in 1994 in selected groups of immigrants and were complemented by the national vaccination programme in 1998. Between 1992-1994 and 1998-2006, the HBsAg carrier rate declined from 5.4% [95% CI: 4.5-5.9] in adults (20-60 years old) and 1.9% [95% CI: 1.6-2.4] in children/adolescents (5-19 years old) of indigenous residents to 3.4% [95% CI: 2.9-3.8] and 0.6% [95% CI: 0.2-1.4] respectively (p<0.05). In spite of a decrease compared with 1992-1994, the percentage of HBsAg carriers was still relatively high in 1998-2006 among the Muslim religious minority group (8.2% [95% CI: 8.0-8.7] in adults and 2% [95% CI: 1.7-2.4] in children/adolescents) and in immigrants from the former Soviet Union (4.3% [95% CI: 3.6-4.7] in adults and 1.1% [95% CI: 0.8-2.4] in children/adolescents) (p<0.05 for both selected groups versus general population). The decline of the prevalence of HBsAg in the general population and selected groups of immigrants in northeastern Greece over the last decade supports the effectiveness of the ongoing immunisation programme although the information on the actual number of cases of acute HBV infection is not available.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus infections among federal road safety personnel: Seroprevalence and risk factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
A. Lawal ◽  
A. Alhaji Abubakar ◽  
S. Muawiyya ◽  
Babale ◽  
A. Abayomi. Olorukooba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infections ◽  
Safety Personnel

Italian consensus Guidelines for the management of hepatitis B virus infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sebastiani ◽  
Fabiola Atzeni ◽  
Laura Milazzo ◽  
Luca Quartuccio ◽  
Carlo Scirè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infections

scholarly journals Coverage with Timely Administered Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus and Its Influence on the Prevalence of HBV Infection in the Regions of Different Endemicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Karen K. Kyuregyan ◽  
Vera S. Kichatova ◽  
Olga V. Isaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Potemkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Malinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
B Virus

Universal hepatitis B vaccination of newborns was implemented in Russia starting from 1998. From 1998 to 2019, the incidence of acute hepatitis B reduced from 43.8 to 0.57 cases per 100,000 population. Here, we assessed the timely coverage of newborns with the birth dose (HepB-BD), second dose (HepB-2nd), and three vaccine doses (HepB3) in two remote regions of Russia with low (Belgorod Oblast) and high (Yakutia) levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity. Vaccination data were obtained from the medical records of 1000 children in Yakutia and 2182 children in Belgorod Oblast. Sera of healthy volunteers from Belgorod Oblast (n = 1754) and Yakutia (n = 1072) across all age groups were tested for serological markers of HBV to assess the infection prevalence and herd immunity. Average HepB-BD coverage was 99.2% in Yakutia and 89.4% in Belgorod Oblast (p < 0.0001) and in both regions varied significantly, from 66% to 100%, between medical centers. The principal reason for the absence of HepB-BD was parent refusal, which accounted for 63.5% of cases of non-vaccination (83/123). While timely HepB-2nd coverage was only 55.4%–64.7%: HepB3 coverage by the age of one year exceeded 90% in both study regions. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.01–1.3%) in Belgorod Oblast and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–5.2%) in Yakutia. The proportion of persons testing negative for both antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 26.2% (125/481) in Belgorod Oblast and 32.3% (162/501) in Yakutia. We also assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards vaccination among 782 students and teachers of both medical and non-medical specialties from Belgorod State University. Only 60% of medical students knew that hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Both medical and nonmedical students, 37.8% and 31.3%, respectively, expressed concerns about safety and actual necessity of vaccination. These data indicate the need to introduce a vaccine delivery audit system, improve medical education with respect to vaccination strategies and policies, and reinforce public knowledge on the benefits of vaccination.

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