Executions in the United States, 1608-1940: The ESPY File -- Summary Data of Executions Collected by M. Watt Espy Between 1986 and 1996

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Watt Espy ◽  
Howard Allen ◽  
Jerome M. Clubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Summary Data

Peace, the Constitution, and Rebellion, 1781–1800

2019 ◽  
pp. 214-249
Author(s):  
Carlton F.W. Larson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Convention ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Whiskey Rebellion ◽  
Summary Data

The years following Cornwallis’s surrender in 1781 saw a few more treason cases, and a large number of cases of persons accused of aiding British prisoners to escape. Summary data on treason prosecutions are presented. Returning Loyalists were largely well treated. The state’s last treason indictment, dealing with the Connecticut land dispute, was issued in the late 1780s. The Constitutional Convention adopted a Treason Clause, the meaning of which was tested in trials resulting from the Whiskey Rebellion and Fries’s Rebellion. The prosecution and defense disagreed over whether these rebellions amounted to levying war against the United States. This debate contained many echoes of the earlier debate over resistance to British measures, and would not be conclusively resolved until the nineteenth century, if then.

scholarly journals Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A Haack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Xyleborus Glabratus ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Phoracantha Recurva ◽  
Wood Boring ◽  
Summary Data ◽  
Hylurgops Palliatus

Summary data are given for the 25 new species of exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera first reported in the continental United States between 1985 and 2005, including 2 Buprestidae (Agrilus planipennis and Agrilus prionurus), 5 Cerambycidae (Anoplophora glabripennis, Callidiellum rufipenne, Phoracantha recurva, Sybra alternans, and Tetrops praeusta), and 18 Scolytidae (Ambrosiodmus lewisi, Euwallacea fornicatus, Hylastes opacus, Hylurgops palliatus, Hylurgus ligniperda, Orthotomicus erosus, Phloeosinus armatus, Pityogenes bidentatus, Scolytus schevyrewi, Tomicus piniperda, Xyleborinus alni, Xyleborus atratus, Xyleborus glabratus, Xyleborus pelliculosus, Xyleborus pfeilii, Xyleborus seriatus, Xyleborus similis, and Xylosandrus mutilatus). In addition, summary interception data are presented for the wood-associated beetles in the families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Lyctidae, Platypodidae, and Scolytidae, based on the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service "Port Information Network" database for plant pests intercepted at US ports of entry from 1985 to 2000. Wood-associated insects were most often intercepted on crating, followed by dunnage and pallets. The five imported products most often associated with these 8341 interceptions were tiles, machinery, marble, steel, and ironware. A significantly higher proportion of the most frequently intercepted true bark beetles have become established in the United States compared with the less frequently intercepted species.

US Individual Income Tax Return Simulated Data: A Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Pelaez ◽  
Deb Sledgianowski ◽  
Steven Petra ◽  
Jianbing Zhu ◽  
Nooshin Nejati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Summary Data ◽  
Return Data

This paper proposes and tests a methodology for the development of a simulation for individual tax returns in the United States, enabling students of taxation and interested parties to examine changes to the tax code, examine the effects of tax planning alternatives, and conduct repeated experimental testing on the tax return data.  The simulation produced data for 147,000 tax returns, representing approximately 1% of the population of filed tax returns as noted by the IRS/SOI.  We present the methodology on how we created the simulation and compare the tax returns of the simulation to the measures provided by the IRS. Our simulated return data very closely matched the number and combined dollar value of the IRS/SOI summary data at the adjusted gross income (AGI), state, and filing status levels.

Walking, Cycling, and Obesity Rates in Europe, North America, and Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bassett ◽  
John Pucher ◽  
Ralph Buehler ◽  
Dixie L. Thompson ◽  
Scott E. Crouter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Summary Data

Purpose:This study was designed to examine the relationship between active transportation (defined as the percentage of trips taken by walking, bicycling, and public transit) and obesity rates (BMI ≥ 30 kg · m−2) in different countries.Methods:National surveys of travel behavior and health indicators in Europe, North America, and Australia were used in this study; the surveys were conducted in 1994 to 2006. In some cases raw data were obtained from national or federal agencies and then analyzed, and in other cases summary data were obtained from published reports.Results:Countries with the highest levels of active transportation generally had the lowest obesity rates. Europeans walked more than United States residents (382 versus 140 km per person per year) and bicycled more (188 versus 40 km per person per year) in 2000.Discussion:Walking and bicycling are far more common in European countries than in the United States, Australia, and Canada. Active transportation is inversely related to obesity in these countries. Although the results do not prove causality, they suggest that active transportation could be one of the factors that explain international differences in obesity rates.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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