scholarly journals Effect of Streptozotocin on Plasma Insulin Levels of Rats and Mice: A Meta-analysis Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Koksal
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rats And Mice

BACKGROUND: In the studies focusing on diabetic organisms, Streprozotocine (STZ) is a frequently used agent to induce diabetes in rats and mice. However the current studies do not represent practical importance of their statistical findings. For showing practical importance of the differences in plasma insulin levels of diabetic rats and mice induced by STZ, there should be a statistical synthesis regarding statistical findings of the studies. AIM: The purpose of this study is to make a meta-analysis of the studies on the effect of STZ on plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 39 effect sizes (37 studies) about levels of plasma insulin were analyzed by calculating individual effect sizes (d) and mean effect size.RESULTS: The effect sizes were between -13.7 and +65.3 and the mean effect size value (+9.33) represented a large effect indicating that STZ was an effective agent to significantly decrease plasma insulin levels of diabetic rats and mice.CONCLUSION: It can be said that the differences in plasma insulin levels between STZ-applied and no application groups has a practical importance in making animal model of diabetes.

scholarly journals Anti-Diabetic Potential of the Leaves of Anisomeles malabarica in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1689-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peddanna Kotha ◽  
Kameswara Rao Badri ◽  
Ramya Nagalapuram ◽  
Rajasekhar Allagadda ◽  
Appa Rao Chippada
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

Background/Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic metabolic disorder that is affecting a majority of populations in recent years. There is a requirement for new drugs that are safer and cheaper due to the side effects associated with the available medications. Methods: We investigated the anti-diabetic activity of leaves of Anisomeles malabarica following bioactivity guided fractionation. The different solvent (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) extracts of A. malabarica leaves were used in acute treatment studies to evaluate and identify the active fraction. The ethyl acetate extract was subjected to further fractionation using silica gel column chromatography and the compounds were identified by LC-SRM/MS and GC-MS. Additional chronic treatment studies were carried out using this active fraction (AMAF) for 30 days in experimental diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), plasma insulin levels and glucose tolerance were measured along with insulin resistance/sensitivity indicators (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI) to assess the beneficial effects of A. malabarica in the management of diabetes mellitus. Results: Among the different solvent extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract showed maximum (66%) anti-hyperglycemic activity. The hexane and ethyl acetate (1: 1) fraction that has maximum anti-diabetic activity was identified as active fraction of A. malabarica (AMAF). The FBG, HbA1c, plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity/resistance indicators such as glucose tolerance, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI were significantly improved to near normal in diabetic rats treated with AMAF. Further, we identified key flavonoids and fatty acids as the anti-diabetic active principles from the AMAF of A. malabarica leaves. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that Anisomeles malabarica has potential anti-diabetic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats.

NOCTURNAL PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN COWS WITH VARYING LEVELS OF PLASMA KETONE BODIES; RELATIONS TO PLASMA SUGAR AND ACETOACETATE

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Hove
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The interrelations of plasma values of insulin, sugar and acetoacetate (AcAc) have been investigated on nocturnal blood samples from 544 dairy cows at different stages of lactation. A wide range of plasma levels was observed (plasma sugar 42–106 mg/100 ml, insulin 0.3–2.2 ng/ml, AcAc 0.05–27 mg/100 ml). Nocturnal samples were taken to exclude as much as possible variations in plasma components induced by feeding. The following correlations were found: sugar/insulin r = 0.45, P < 0.001; insulin/AcAc r=–0.23 (P <0.001); sugar/AcAc r=–0.61 (P <0.001). The partial correlation between insulin and AcAc was not significant (r = 0.07) when glucose was eliminated. A simultaneous decrease in plasma insulin and sugar was found, hypoglycaemic cows having the lowest insulin levels. It is concluded that this decreased insulin level is probably of importance in facilitating lipolysis during hypoglycaemia, thus being a prerequisite for the development of ketosis. Ten cows were sampled twice, one sample being taken before partus and the other during the 45 first days of lactation. After the onset of lactation indications of a more diabetic metabolism was found. The mean plasma insulin level was reduced from 1.3 to 0.6 ng/ml; a significant fall in plasma sugar and a rise in AcAc was also observed. Nine samples from cows developing ketosis and 23 with elevated AcAc levels, but without clinical symptoms, were compared to 26 samples of cows with low AcAc levels from the same herds and in the same stage of lactation. The mean insulin levels were 0.42, 0.52 and 0.71 ng/ml, and sugar 50.5, 59.5 and 73.6 mg/100 ml, respectively. It is concluded that the low insulin values found in the samples from the ketotic cows were due to reduced glucose stimulation of the pancreatic β-cells.

scholarly journals Evidence that GLUT-2 mRNA and protein concentrations are decreased by hyperinsulinaemia and increased by hyperglycaemia in liver of diabetic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. 675-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Burcelin ◽  
M Eddouks ◽  
J Kande ◽  
R Assan ◽  
J Girard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Portal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

GLUT-2, glucokinase (GK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression was studied in the liver of chronically catheterized diabetic rats during the 3 days after an intravenous injection of 65 mg of streptozotocin (STZ)/kg. At 6 h after the STZ injection, portal plasma insulin levels were 270 +/- 32 mu-units/ml and blood glucose was 1.4 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, owing to pancreatic beta-cell destruction. GLUT-2 and PEPCK mRNA concentrations were rapidly and dramatically decreased (> 90%), whereas GK mRNA was increased. After 30 h, plasma insulin concentrations were lower than 5 mu-units/ml and blood glucose was > 20 mmol/l. GLUT-2 and PEPCK mRNA concentrations increased 2-fold and GK mRNA disappeared progressively. In order to assess the relative roles of hyperglycaemia and insulinopenia, blood glucose was clamped at 6.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/l from 18 to 72 h after STZ injection by phlorizin infusion (0.5-2 g/day per kg) or at 6.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l from 18 to 48 h after STZ injection by insulin infusion (0.25 unit/min per kg). GLUT-2 mRNA concentrations were 50% lower in phlorizin-infused than in untreated diabetic rats. The low levels of GK mRNA and the high levels of PEPCK mRNA were unaffected by normalization of hyperglycaemia in phlorizin-infused diabetic rats. In insulin-infused rats (portal plasma insulin levels of 40 mu-units/ml) GLUT-2 mRNA levels were 25% of those in untreated diabetic rats, and they increased rapidly 6 h after insulin infusion was stopped. Liver GLUT-2 protein concentration showed similar changes in response to STZ injection and to phlorizin or insulin treatment, but after a delay of several hours. From this work we conclude that GLUT-2 gene expression is dramatically and rapidly (< 6 h) decreased by portal hyperinsulinaemia and increased by hyperglycaemia.

scholarly journals Effect of Physical Training on the Activity of the Low Km Phosphodiesterase in Heart Ventricular and Skeletal Muscle Tissues of Normal and Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Gilles Plourde ◽  
André Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

This study assessed the effect of physical training on the low Michaelis constant cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (low Km PDE) activity in heart ventricular tissue and three different skeletal muscle tissues of normal and diabetic rats. Rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.v.) and either kept sedentary (SD, n=16) or submitted to a progressive 10-week treadmill running program (TD, n=17). Two groups of nondiabetic rats served as trained (TC, n=17) and sedentary controls (SC, n=15). The activity of NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the gastrocnemius muscle of trained animals, confirming that they were adequately trained. Plasma glucose levels were elevated in SD rats (18.8 ± 1.7 mmol/l) compared to those in SC rats (7.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l ; mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM], p < 0.001). These levels were partially normalized following training (12.7 ± 1.7 pmol/l; p < 0.01 vs. SD rats). Plasma insulin levels were significantly reduced in TC rats (223 ± 16 pmol/l) compared with those in SC rats (306 ± 13 pmol/l; p < 0.01). Similarly, the levels in SC rats were significantly different when compared with SD rats (155 ± 15 pmol/l; p < 0.01). In TD rats, plasma insulin levels (156 ± 14 pmol/l) were similar to those of SD rats. This suggests that mild diabetes mellitus in the rat can be improved by endurance training and that improved glycemic control may be mediated by an increase in insulin sensitivity. The low Km PDE activity in the membranes prepared from the four different muscle tissues was not modified by diabetes. Similarly, physical training in normal and diabetic rats did not induce any significant changes in the low Km PDE activity in any of the tissues tested. This suggests that improvements in myocardial contractile function and in glucose homeostasis, as seen in diabetic rats submitted to endurance training, are not associated with changes in PDE.

Intraventricular 2-deoxyglucose, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid mobilization.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. E317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C C Coimbra ◽  
J L Gross ◽  
R H Migliorini
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Intraventricular Administration ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Previous Hypothesis ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

The possibility of eliciting changes in the activity of lipomobilizing centers in the rat central nervous system was investigated by injecting glucose or substances that affect glucose metabolism directly into the cerebrospinal fluid of conscious, unrestrained rats. Intracerebroventricular administration of minute amounts of 2-deoxyglucose to fed rats induced a rapid increase in the concentration of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) without affecting plasma insulin levels. Furthermore, small amounts of either glucose or insulin injected intraventricularly reduced the increased plasma FFA levels of normal fasted rats without affecting the glycemia or plasma insulin levels in these animals. In diabetic rats, the increased levels of plasma FFA were not affected by intraventricular administration of glucose, but clearly decreased after intraventricular insulin. The results suggest that the lipomobilizing centers are insulin sensitive and that their activity is modulated by the rate of glucose uptake, rather than by external hexose concentration. The data are also consistent with our previous hypothesis of a direct control of the sympathetic tonus of adipose tissue by these centers.

PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN FOETUSES

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan I. Thorell
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Foetal Heart ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Foetuses

ABSTRACT Immunoreactive insulin was measured in plasma collected from human foetuses at gestational ages of 15-26 weeks, as well as from their mothers. In the fasting stage, the mean insulin concentration in the foetal heart was 29 μU/ml (range 6-74 μU/ml) and in the umbilical vessels 19 μU/ml (range 10-36 μU/ml. The corresponding maternal value was 11 μU/ml (range 6-30 μU/ml). After giving the mothers a glucose load, the maternal insulin level increased considerably, but no change was found in the foetal plasma. There was no correlation between foetal weight and foetal plasma insulin level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document