scholarly journals Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Annelida, Arthropoda, Bryozoa, Chordata, Ctenophora, Mollusca

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diva Amon ◽  
Amanda Ziegler ◽  
Jeffrey Drazen ◽  
Andrei Grischenko ◽  
Astrid Leitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Threatened Habitat ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

There is growing interest in mining polymetallic nodules from the abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Despite having been the focus of environmental studies for decades, the benthic megafauna of the CCZ remain poorly known. To predict and manage the environmental impacts of mining in the CCZ, baseline knowledge of the megafauna is essential. The ABYSSLINE Project has conducted benthic biological baseline surveys in the UK Seabed Resources Ltd polymetallic-nodule exploration contract area (UK-1). Prior to ABYSSLINE research cruises in 2013 and 2015, no biological studies had been done in this area of the eastern CCZ. Using a Remotely Operated Vehicle and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (as well as several other pieces of equipment), the megafauna within the UK Seabed Resources Ltd exploration contract area (UK-1) and at a site ~250 km east of the UK-1 area were surveyed, allowing us to make the first estimates of megafaunal morphospecies richness from the imagery collected. Here, we present an atlas of the abyssal annelid, arthropod, bryozoan, chordate, ctenophore and molluscan megafauna observed and collected during the ABYSSLINE cruises to the UK-1 polymetallic-nodule exploration contract area in the CCZ. There appear to be at least 55 distinct morphospecies (8 Annelida, 12 Arthropoda, 4 Bryozoa, 22 Chordata, 5 Ctenophora, and 4 Mollusca) identified mostly by morphology but also using molecular barcoding for a limited number of animals that were collected. This atlas will aid the synthesis of megafaunal presence/absence data collected by contractors, scientists and other stakeholders undertaking work in the CCZ, ultimately helping to decipher the biogeography of the megafauna in this threatened habitat.

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

scholarly journals Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae, and Travisiidae

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
Lenka Neal ◽  
Adrian G. Glover ◽  
Regan Drennan ◽  
Muriel Rabone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Uk

We present DNA taxonomy of abyssal polychaete worms from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), central Pacific Ocean, using material collected as part of the Abyssal Baseline (ABYSSLINE) environmental survey cruises ‘AB01’ and ‘AB02’ to the UK Seabed Resources Ltd (UKSRL) polymetallic nodule exploration contract area ‘UK-1’, the Ocean Mineral Singapore exploration contract area ‘OMS-1’ and an Area of Particular Environmental Interest, ‘APEI-6’. This is the fourth paper in a series to provide regional taxonomic data with previous papers reporting on Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Mollusca. Taxonomic data are presented for 23 species from 85 records within four polychaete families: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae, identified by a combination of morphological and genetic data, including molecular phylogenetic analyses. Two taxa (genetically separated from one another) morphologically matched the same known cosmopolitan species,Ophelina abranchiatathat has a type locality in a different ocean basin and depth from where no genetic data was available. These two species were assigned the open nomenclature ‘cf.’ as a precautionary approach in taxon assignments to avoid over-estimating species ranges. Twelve (12) taxa are here described as new species,Ammotrypanella keenanisp. nov.,Ammotrypanella kerstenisp. nov.,Ophelina curlisp. nov.,Ophelina ganaesp. nov.,Ophelina juhazisp. nov.,Ophelina martinezarbizuisp. nov.,Ophelina meyeraesp. nov.,Ophelina nunnallyisp. nov.,Oligobregma brasieraesp. nov.,Oligobregma tanisp. nov.,Oligobregma whaleyisp. nov.andTravisia ziegleraesp. nov.For the remaining nine taxa, we have determined them to be potentially new species, for which we make the raw data, imagery and vouchers available for future taxonomic study. The CCZ is a region undergoing intense exploration for potential deep-sea mineral extraction from polymetallic nodules. We present these data to facilitate future taxonomic and environmental impact study by making both data and voucher materials available through curated and accessible biological collections.

scholarly journals Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration claim, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e7251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dahlgren ◽  
Adrian Glover ◽  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
Muriel Rabone ◽  
Diva Amon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Abyssal Fauna ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals From the Surface to the Deep-Sea: Bacterial Distributions across Polymetallic Nodule Fields in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone of the Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus V. Lindh ◽  
Brianne M. Maillot ◽  
Christine N. Shulse ◽  
Andrew J. Gooday ◽  
Diva J. Amon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Cnidaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e9277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dahlgren ◽  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
Muriel Rabone ◽  
Diva Amon ◽  
Chiho Ikebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Abyssal Fauna ◽  
Exploration Area ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Comparative ROV surveys reveal jellyfish blooming in a deep-sea caldera: the first report of Earleria bruuni from the Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 2075-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko Hidaka-Umetsu ◽  
Dhugal J. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Ogasawara Islands ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Bottom Depth ◽  
Volcanic Caldera

Large numbers of the leptomedusa Earleria bruuni were observed inside a semi-closed deep-sea caldera during a comparative survey of the macrozooplankton fauna inside and outside the Kurose Hole, Izu-Ogasawara Islands, by the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ‘Dolphin-3K’, on 24 September 2000. The Kurose Hole is an inactive volcanic caldera of 790 m bottom depth, located within the Izu-Bonin island arc, south of Tokyo. Archived video and audio data from a dive by the human-occupied vehicle (HOV) ‘Shinkai 2000’, carried out 3 weeks after the ROV dives, was also analysed. During all dives within the caldera, E. bruuni was present in large numbers and, during the HOV dive, two specimens for morphological analysis were obtained. Herein, we report E. bruuni from the Pacific Ocean for the first time. The vertical profiles of environmental factors and the vertical distributions of gelatinous macrozooplankton taxa such as salps, ctenophores, hydromedusae, siphonophores and scyphomedusae, were extremely different inside and outside the caldera. Inside the caldera the water temperatures were warm and dissolved oxygen levels were high compared with outside. For each taxon, their distributions were characterized and compared between the inside and outside of the caldera, and with previous literature reports.

scholarly journals Copper-binding ligands in deep-sea pore waters of the Pacific Ocean and potential impacts of polymetallic nodule mining on the copper cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A. L. Paul ◽  
Rebecca Zitoun ◽  
Ann Noowong ◽  
Mythili Manirajah ◽  
Andrea Koschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Organic Ligand ◽  
Copper Binding ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Potentially Toxic Metals ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Nodule Mining

AbstractThe release of potentially toxic metals, such as copper (Cu), into the water column is of concern during polymetallic nodule mining. The bioavailability and thus toxicity of Cu is strongly influenced by its speciation which is dominated by organic ligand (L) complexation in seawater, with L-complexes being considered less bioavailable than free Cu2+. The presence of CuL-complexes in deep-sea sediments has, however, not been systematically studied in the context of deep-sea mining. We thus analyzed the Cu-binding L concentration ([L]) in deep-sea pore waters of two polymetallic nodule provinces in the Pacific Ocean, the Peru Basin and the Clarion-Clipperton-Zone, using competitive ligand equilibration–adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The pore-water dissolved Cu concentration ([dCu]) ranged from 3 to 96 nM, generally exceeding bottom water concentrations (4–44 nM). Based on fitting results from ProMCC and Excel, Cu was predominantly complexed by L (3–313 nM) in bottom waters and undisturbed pore waters. We conclude that processes like deep-sea mining are unlikely to cause a release of toxic Cu2+ concentrations ([Cu2+]) to the seawater as > 99% Cu was organically complexed in pore waters and the [Cu2+] was < 6 pM for 8 of 9 samples. Moreover, the excess of L found especially in shallow pore waters implied that even with a Cu release through mining activities, Cu2+ likely remains beneath toxic thresholds.

scholarly journals Abyssal fauna of the UK-1 polymetallic nodule exploration area, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Mollusca

ZooKeys ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
John D. Taylor ◽  
Thomas G. Dahlgren ◽  
Christiane Todt ◽  
Chiho Ikebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Abyssal Fauna ◽  
Exploration Area ◽  
The Uk
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