scholarly journals B chromosome in Plantago lagopus Linnaeus, 1753 shows preferential transmission and accumulation through unusual processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Dhar ◽  
Gurmeet Kour ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosome ◽  
Preferential Transmission ◽  
Plantago Lagopus

scholarly journals B chromosome in Plantago lagopus Linnaeus, 1753 shows preferential transmission and accumulation through unusual processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Dhar ◽  
Gurmeet Kour ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosome ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Preferential Transmission ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Plantago Lagopus ◽  
Mother Cells

Plantagolagopus is a diploid (2n = 2x =12) weed belonging to family Plantaginaceae. We reported a novel B chromosome in this species composed of 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and other repetitive elements. In the present work, presence of B chromosome(s) was confirmed through FISH on root tip and pollen mother cells. Several experiments were done to determine the transmission of B chromosome through male and female sex tracks. Progenies derived from the reciprocal crosses between plants with (1B) and without (0B) B chromosomes were studied. The frequency of B chromosome bearing plants was significantly higher than expected, in the progeny of 1B female × 0B male. Thus, the B chromosome seems to have preferential transmission through the female sex track, which may be due to meiotic drive. One of the most intriguing aspects of the present study was the recovery of plants having more chromosomes than the standard complement of 12 chromosomes. Such plants were isolated from the progenies of B chromosome carrying plants. The origin of these plants can be explained on the basis of a two step process; formation of unreduced gametes in 1B plants and fusion of unreduced gametes with the normal gametes or other unreduced gametes. Several molecular techniques were used which unequivocally confirmed similar genetic constitution of 1B (parent) and plants with higher number of chromosomes.

scholarly journals B chromosome in Plantago lagopus Linnaeus, 1753 shows preferential transmission and accumulation through unusual processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-392
Author(s):  
Manoj K. Dhar ◽  
Gurmeet Kour ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosome ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Preferential Transmission ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Process Formation ◽  
Plantago Lagopus ◽  
Mother Cells

Plantagolagopus is a diploid (2n = 2x =12) weed belonging to family Plantaginaceae. We reported a novel B chromosome in this species composed of 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and other repetitive elements. In the present work, presence of B chromosome(s) was confirmed through FISH on root tip and pollen mother cells. Several experiments were done to determine the transmission of B chromosome through male and female sex tracks. Progenies derived from the reciprocal crosses between plants with (1B) and without (0B) B chromosomes were studied. The frequency of B chromosome bearing plants was significantly higher than expected, in the progeny of 1B female × 0B male. Thus, the B chromosome seems to have preferential transmission through the female sex track, which may be due to meiotic drive. One of the most intriguing aspects of the present study was the recovery of plants having more chromosomes than the standard complement of 12 chromosomes. Such plants were isolated from the progenies of B chromosome carrying plants. The origin of these plants can be explained on the basis of a two step process; formation of unreduced gametes in 1B plants and fusion of unreduced gametes with the normal gametes or other unreduced gametes. Several molecular techniques were used which unequivocally confirmed similar genetic constitution of 1B (parent) and plants with higher number of chromosomes.

scholarly journals Origin, Behaviour, and Transmission of B Chromosome with Special Reference to Plantago lagopus

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Dhar ◽  
Jasmeet Kour ◽  
Sanjana Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Elements ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
Plantago Lagopus ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

B chromosomes have been reported in many eukaryotic organisms. These chromosomes occur in addition to the standard complement of a species. Bs do not pair with any of the A chromosomes and they have generally been considered to be non-essential and genetically inert. However, due to tremendous advancements in the technologies, the molecular composition of B chromosomes has been determined. The sequencing data has revealed that B chromosomes have originated from A chromosomes and they are rich in repetitive elements. In our laboratory, a novel B chromosome was discovered in Plantago lagopus. Using molecular cytogenetic techniques, the B chromosome was found to be composed of ribosomal DNA sequences. However, further characterization of the chromosome using next generation sequencing (NGS) etc. revealed that the B chromosome is a mosaic of sequences derived from A chromosomes, 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 45S rDNA, and various types of repetitive elements. The transmission of B chromosome through the female sex track did not follow the Mendelian principles. The chromosome was found to have drive due to which it was perpetuating in populations. The present paper attempts to summarize the information on nature, transmission, and origin of B chromosomes, particularly the current status of our knowledge in P. lagopus.

Plantago lagopus B Chromosome Is Enriched in 5S rDNA-Derived Satellite DNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Kumke ◽  
Jiří Macas ◽  
Jörg Fuchs ◽  
Lothar Altschmied ◽  
Jasmeet Kour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Plantago Lagopus ◽  
Copy Dna ◽  
Chromosome Segments

B chromosomes are supernumerary dispensable parts of the karyotype which appear in some individuals of some populations in some species. Using advanced sequencing technology, we in silico characterized the high-copy DNA composition of Plantago lagopus with and without B chromosomes. The nuclear genome (2.46 pg/2C) was found to be relatively rich in repetitive sequences, with highly and moderately repeated elements making up 68% of the genome. Besides a centromere-specific marker, we identified a B-specific satellite and a repeat enriched in polymorphic A chromosome segments. The B-specific tandem repeat PLsatB originated from sequence amplification including 5S rDNA fragments.

scholarly journals Repetitive DNA landscape in essential A and supernumerary B chromosomes of Festuca pratensis Huds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽  
Andreas Houben ◽  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Chromosome Identification ◽  
Satellite Repeats ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Illumina Sequence

AbstractHere, we characterized the basic properties of repetitive sequences in essential A and supernumerary B chromosomes of Festuca pratensis Huds. This was performed by comparative analysis of low-pass Illumina sequence reads of B chromosome lacking (−B) and B chromosome containing (+B) individuals of F. pratensis. 61% of the nuclear genome is composed of repetitive sequences. 43.1% of the genome are transposons of which DNA transposons and retrotransposons made up 2.3% and 40.8%, respectively. LTR retrotransposons are the most abundant mobile elements and contribute to 40.7% of the genome and divided into Ty3-gypsy and Ty1-copia super families with 32.97% and 7.78% of the genome, respectively. Eighteen different satellite repeats were identified making up 3.9% of the genome. Five satellite repeats were used as cytological markers for chromosome identification and genome analysis in the genus Festuca. Four satellite repeats were identified on B chromosomes among which Fp-Sat48 and Fp-Sat253 were specific to the B chromosome of F. pratensis.

B chromosome in a rice aneuploid variation

2000 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. K. Cheng ◽  
H. X. Yu ◽  
H. H. Yan ◽  
M. H. Gu ◽  
L. H. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
B Chromosome

scholarly journals Spatial organization of fibroblast and spermatocyte nuclei with different B-chromosome content in Korean field mouse, Apodemus peninsulae (Rodentia, Muridae)

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Karamysheva ◽  
Anna A. Torgasheva ◽  
Yaroslav R. Yefremov ◽  
Anton G. Bogomolov ◽  
Thomas Liehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Apodemus Peninsulae ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Korean Field Mouse

Korean field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae) shows a wide variation in the number of B chromosomes composed of constitutive heterochromatin. For this reason, it provides a good model to study the influence of the number of centromeres and amount of heterochromatin on spatial organization of interphase nuclei. We analyzed the three-dimensional organization of fibroblast and spermatocyte nuclei of the field mice carrying a different number of B chromosomes using laser scanning microscopy and 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization. We detected a co-localization of the B chromosomes with constitutive heterochromatin of the chromosomes of the basic set. We showed a non-random distribution of B chromosomes in the spermatocyte nuclei. Unpaired B chromosomes showed a tendency to occur in the compartment formed by the unpaired part of the XY bivalent.

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