Karyotype analysis in Allium roseum L. (Alliaceae) using fluorescent in situhybridization of rDNA sites and conventional stainings

Meloidae are commonly known as blister beetles, so called for the secretion of cantharidin, a toxic substance that causes irritation and blistering. There has been a recent increase in the interest of the cantharidin anticancer potential of this insect group. Cytogenetic and molecular data in this group are scarce. In this study, we performed a karyotype analysis of Hycleus scutellatus, an endemic species of the Iberian Peninsula. We determined its chromosome number, 2n = 20, as well as the presence of the X and Y sex chromosomes. In addition to a karyotype analysis, we carried out DAPI staining. By fluorescence in situ hybridization we mapped the rDNA clusters on 12 different chromosomes. Compared to others, this species shows an unusually high number of chromosomes carrying rDNA. This is one of the highest numbers of rDNA sites found in the Polyphaga suborder (Coleoptera). Additionally, we isolated a satellite DNA family (Hyscu-H), which was located within the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, including the sex chromosomes. The results suggest that Hyscu-H is likely to be one of the most abundant satellite DNA repeats in H. scutellatus.

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Detection Y Chromosome Microdeletions Among Iraq Population in Infertile Patients with Azoospermia and Severe Oligospermia

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.9.2.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Samah A Hammood ◽

Alaauldeen S M AL-Sallami ◽

Saleh M Al-Khafaji

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Obstructive Azoospermia ◽

Severe Oligozoospermia ◽

Infertile Men ◽

Y Chromosome Microdeletions ◽

Detailed Evaluation ◽

Health Organization ◽

Infertile Patients

Objective: To detection of microdeletions of Y chromosome and study the frequency of microdeletions in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia(Middle Euphrates center)in Iraq population. Material and methods: 153 males were included in the study, the casesweredivided into groups according to the infertility etiology and semen analysis according to Word health organization, the frequencies and the characteristicsof Y chromosome microdeletions were investigated in groups. Multiplex PCR was applied to detect the microdeletions. Results:Y chromosome microdeletion was detected in 42 (40.7%) of 153 cases ,Microdeletions in azoospermia showed more frequently detected 28 (52.8%), followed by severe oligospermia 14 (28 %),Microdeletions in the AZFc region were the most common 12 (22.64%), followed by AZFb 11(20.75%) and AZFa 5(9.43%) in azoospermia compared to severe oligospermisAZFc 6 (12%) AZFb 4 (8 %) and AZFa 4 (8%). Conclusion: Y chromosome microdeletions were detected quite frequently in certain infertility subgroups. Therefore, detailed evaluation of an infertile man by physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal evaluationsand when required, karyotype analysis may predict the patients for whom Y chromosome microdeletionanalysis is necessary and also prevent cost increases. Recommendation: This study emphasizes that analysis of microdeletions should be carried out for all patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligospermia who are candidates for intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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Cytogenetic Analysis and Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNA in Melipona Species (Hymenoptera, Meliponini)

Cytogenetic and Genome Research ◽

10.1159/000501754 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 158 (4) ◽

pp. 213-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Natália M. Travenzoli ◽

Bárbara A. Lima ◽

Danon C. Cardoso ◽

Jorge A. Dergam ◽

Tânia M. Fernandes-Salomão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Chromosome Evolution ◽

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Chromosomal Mapping ◽

Evolutionary Constraints ◽

Rdna Sites ◽

Melipona Species ◽

The Relationship ◽

Evolutionary Lineages

Stingless bees of the genus Melipona are subdivided into 4 subgenera called Eomelipona, Melikerria, Melipona sensu stricto, and Michmelia according to species morphology. Cytogenetically, the species of the genus Melipona show variation in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along their chromosomes and can be separated into 2 groups: the first with low content of heterochromatin and the second with high content of heterochromatin. These heterochromatin patterns and the number of chromosomes are characteristics exclusive to Melipona karyotypes that distinguish them from the other genera of the Meliponini. To better understand the karyotype organization in Melipona and the relationship among the subgenera, we mapped repetitive sequences and analyzed previously reported cytogenetic data with the aim to identify cytogenetic markers to be used for investigating the phylogenetic relationships and chromosome evolution in the genus. In general, Melipona species have 2n = 18 chromosomes, and the species of each subgenus share the same characteristics in relation to heterochromatin regions, DAPI/CMA3 fluorophores, and the number and distribution of 18S rDNA sites. Microsatellites were observed only in euchromatin regions, whereas the (TTAGG)6 repeats were found at telomeric sites in both groups. Our data indicate that in addition to the chromosome number, the karyotypes in Melipona could be separated into 2 groups that are characterized by conserved cytogenetic features and patterns that generally are shared by species within each subgenus, which may reflect evolutionary constraints. Our results agree with the morphological separation of the Melipona into 4 subgenera, suggesting that they must be independent evolutionary lineages.

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Diversification of the Balloon bushcrickets (Orthoptera, Hexacentrinae, Aerotegmina) in the East African mountains

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89364-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Beata Grzywacz ◽

Elżbieta Warchałowska-Śliwa ◽

Maciej Kociński ◽

Klaus-Gerhard Heller ◽

Claudia Hemp

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Large Scale ◽

Diploid Number ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Spatial Separation ◽

Eastern Arc Mountains ◽

East African ◽

Habitat Islands ◽

Extinction Event ◽

Underlying Processes

AbstractEast African mountains constitute a network of isolated habitat islands among dry savannah and are thus ideal for studying species diversification processes. This study elucidated the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of all bushcricket species comprising the genus Aerotegmina. Our analysis indicated that large-scale climatic and topographic processes in Africa are likely to have driven speciation in this group, and revealed the cytogenetic traits of the species. Molecular phylogeny supported the monophyly of Aerotegmina and showed that the genus probably originated in the old Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya. Two lineages were distinguished: small- and large-sized species with geographically distinct habitats. The underlying processes are thought to be eight dispersals, ten vicariance events, and one extinction event linked to repeated fragmentation of the African rainforest. Those processes, in conjunction with habitat change, probably also led to the spatial separation of the species into a northern clade with a diploid number of chromosomes 2n = 32 + X0 or 2n = 30 + neo-XY and a southern clade with a reduced number of chromosomes (2n = 28 + X0 or 24 + neo-X1X2Y). Karyotype analysis suggests that Aerotegmina is currently in the process of speciation.

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Effects of the diploidisation process upon the 5S and 35S rDNA sequences in the allopolyploid species of the Dilatata group of Paspalum (Poaceae, Paniceae)

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt18236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 521

Author(s):

Magdalena Vaio ◽

Cristina Mazzella ◽

Marcelo Guerra ◽

Pablo Speranza

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Its Region ◽

Variable Number ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Rdna Sites ◽

35S Rdna ◽

Genome Restructuring

The Dilatata group of Paspalum includes species and biotypes native to temperate South America. Among them, five sexual allotetraploids (x = 10) share the same IIJJ genome formula: P. urvillei Steud, P. dasypleurum Kunze ex Desv., P. dilatatum subsp. flavescens Roseng., B.R. Arrill. & Izag., and two biotypes P. dilatatum Vacaria and P. dilatatum Virasoro. Previous studies suggested P. intermedium Munro ex Morong & Britton and P. juergensii Hack. or related species as their putative progenitors and donors of the I and J genome, respectively, and pointed to a narrow genetic base for their maternal origin. It has not yet been established whether the various members of the Dilatata group are the result of a single or of multiple allopolyploid formations. Here, we aimed to study the evolutionary dynamics of rRNA genes after allopolyploidisation in the Dilatata group of Paspalum and shed some light into the genome restructuring of the tetraploid taxa with the same genome formula. We used double target fluorescence in situ hybridisation of 35S and 5S rDNA probes and sequenced the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A variable number of loci at the chromosome ends were observed for the 35S rDNA, from 2 to 6, suggesting gain and loss of sites. For the 5S rDNA, only one centromeric pair of signals was observed, indicating a remarkable loss after polyploidisation. All ITS sequences generated were near identical to the one found for P. intermedium. Although sequences showed a directional homogeneisation towards the putative paternal progenitor in all tetraploid species, the observed differences in the number and loss of rDNA sites suggest independent ongoing diploidisation processes in all taxa and genome restructuring following polyploidy.

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A case report and mechanism analysis of a normal phenotype mosaic 47, XXY complicated by paternal iUPD (9) who had a normal PGD result

BMC Medical Genetics ◽

10.1186/s12881-019-0897-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dan Li ◽

Yun Wang ◽

Nan Zhao ◽

Liang Chang ◽

Ping Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Snp Array ◽

Uniparental Disomy ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽

Mechanism Analysis ◽

Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽

Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽

First Case

Abstract Background Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to the situation in which two copies of homologous chromosomes or part of a chromosome originate from the one parent and no copy is supplied by the other parent. Case presentation Here, we reported a woman whose karyotype was 46, XX, t (1;17)(q42;q21), has obtained 5 embryos by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) after one cycle of in vitro fertility (IVF). After microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) for preimplantation genetic testing for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR), two embryos were balanced, one balanced embryo was implanted and the patient successfully achieved pregnancy. Amniocentesis was performed at the 19th week of gestation for karyotype analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array test. The result of karyotype analysis was: mos 47, XXY [19]/46, XY [81]; SNP-array results revealed 46, XY, iUPD (9) pat. After full genetic counseling for mosaic Klinefelter’s syndrome and paternal iUPD (9), the couple decided to continue pregnancy, and the patient gave birth to a healthy boy. The newborn is now 3.5 years old, and developed normally. This case will provide counseling evidences of paternal iUPD (9) for doctors. Conclusions This is the first case report of paternal iUPD9 with mosaic Klinefelter’s syndrome, and no abnormality has been observed during the 3.5-year follow-up. Further observation is required to determine whether the imprinted genes on the chromosomes are pathogenic and whether recessive pathogenetic genes are activated.

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