Effects of a probiotic (SLAB51™) on clinical and histologic variables and microbiota of cats with chronic constipation/megacolon: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rossi ◽  
A. Jergens ◽  
M. Cerquetella ◽  
S. Berardi ◽  
E. Di Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Idiopathic Megacolon ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Chronic constipation (CC) and idiopathic megacolon (IMC) occur frequently in cats. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a multi-strain probiotic (SLAB51™) in constipated cats (n=7) and in patients with megacolon and constipation (n=3). Ten pet cats with a diagnosis of chronic constipation, non-responsive to medical management received orally 2×1011 bacteria daily for 90 days. For microbiota analysis, selected bacterial groups were analysed by qPCR. Histological samples in megacolons were evaluated for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), enteric neurons, and neuronal apoptosis. Biopsies were compared at baseline (T0) and after the end of treatment (T1), and with those obtained from healthy control tissues (archived material from five healthy cats). Constipated cats displayed significantly lower ICC, and cats with idiopathic megacolon had significantly more apoptotic enteric neurons than controls. After treatment with SLAB51™, significant decreases were observed for feline chronic enteropathy activity index (FCEAI) (P=0.006), faecal consistency score, and mucosal histology scores (P<0.001). In contrast, a significant increase of ICC was observed after probiotic therapy. Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroidetes were increased significantly after treatment (comparing constipated cats before and after treatment, and control healthy cats to constipated cats after treatment), but no other differences in microbiota were found between healthy controls and constipated cats. Treatment with SLAB51™ in cats with chronic constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed significant clinical improvement after treatment, and histological parameters suggest a potential anti-inflammatory effect of SLAB51™, associated with a reduction of mucosal infiltration, and restoration of the number of interstitial cells of Cajal.

scholarly journals Abnormalities of the intestinal pacemaker cells, enteric neurons, and smooth muscle in intestinal atresia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika krishna OH ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Aleem ◽  
Geetha Kayla
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Small Bowel Atresia ◽  
Bowel Atresia ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Abstract BACKGROUND: Small bowel atresia is a congenital disorder that carves a substantial morbidity. Numerous postoperative gastrointestinal motility problems occur. The underlying cause of this motility disorder is still unclear. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play a major role in gastrointestinal motility. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological changes of enteric nervous system and ICC in small bowel atresia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Resected small bowel specimen from affected patients (n=15) were divided into three parts (proximal, distal, atretic). Standard histology and immunohistochemistry with anti C-KIT receptor antibody (CD117), calretinin and α-SMA was carried out. The density of myenteric ICCs in the proximal, atretic and distal parts was demonstrated by CD 117 while Calretinin was used for ganglion cells and nerve bundles, α-SMA highlighted muscle hypertrophy. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The proximal and distal bowel revealed clear changes in the morphology and density of enteric nervous system and interstitial cells of Cajal..

Memoirs: The Myenteric Nerve-Plexus in some lower Chordates

1940 ◽  
Vol s2-81 (324) ◽  
pp. 521-539
Author(s):  
P. KIRTISINGHE
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Nerve Plexus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Enteric Plexus ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The arrangement of the myenteric nerve-plexus is simpler in fish, much simpler in Amphioxus, than in the higher forms. The nerve-cells in it are not grouped into distinct ganglia at the points of crossing of the fibre-bundles. In Scylliorhinus only two or three cells are present at such points, while in Teleosts the nerve-cells are situated in the meshes of the plexus, as is also the condition in Amphioxus. In Scylliorhinus these nerve-cells are all of Dogiel's type II; in Teleosts they belong to both types I and II. In Amphioxus bipolar nerve-cells are definitely present in addition to the stellate ganglion cells described by Boeke. Synapses between (a) the pre-ganglionic fibres and the enteric neurons, and (b) the enteric neurons themselves are figured and described. The ‘interstitial cells’ of Cajal are present in the muscle-wall of the gut of fish. A connexion between this system and the enteric plexuses is not to be observed. The enteric plexuses of fish and Amphioxus are not in the form of a nerve-net. It is not possible to compare the enteric plexus of Amphioxus with the system of ‘interstitial cells’ of the higher chordates. The stellate ganglion cells of Amphioxus are to be compared with the neurons of type I in the higher forms.

Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut?

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. G372-G390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Motility Disorders ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

The proposed functions of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are to 1) pace the slow waves and regulate their propagation, 2) mediate enteric neuronal signals to smooth muscle cells, and 3) act as mechanosensors. In addition, impairments of ICC have been implicated in diverse motility disorders. This review critically examines the available evidence for these roles and offers alternate explanations. This review suggests the following: 1) The ICC may not pace the slow waves or help in their propagation. Instead, they may help in maintaining the gradient of resting membrane potential (RMP) through the thickness of the circular muscle layer, which stabilizes the slow waves and enhances their propagation. The impairment of ICC destabilizes the slow waves, resulting in attenuation of their amplitude and impaired propagation. 2) The one-way communication between the enteric neuronal varicosities and the smooth muscle cells occurs by volume transmission, rather than by wired transmission via the ICC. 3) There are fundamental limitations for the ICC to act as mechanosensors. 4) The ICC impair in numerous motility disorders. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between ICC impairment and motility dysfunction is not established. The ICC impair readily and transform to other cell types in response to alterations in their microenvironment, which have limited effects on motility function. Concurrent investigations of the alterations in slow-wave characteristics, excitation-contraction and excitation-inhibition couplings in smooth muscle cells, neurotransmitter synthesis and release in enteric neurons, and the impairment of the ICC are required to understand the etiologies of clinical motility disorders.

PKC-ϵ translocation in enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal in response to muscarinic stimulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. G593-G601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-Yu Wang ◽  
Sean M. Ward ◽  
William T. Gerthoffer ◽  
Kenton M. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Compartment ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Myenteric Neurons ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Interstitial cells of Cajal in the deep muscular plexus (ICC-DMP) of the small intestine express excitatory neurotransmitter receptors. We tested whether ICC-DMP are functionally innervated by cholinergic neurons in the murine intestine. Muscles were stimulated by intrinsic nerves and ACh and processed for immunohistochemistry to determine these effects on PKC-ϵ activation. Under control conditions, PKC-ϵ-like immunoreactivy (PKC-ϵ-LI) was only observed in myenteric neurons within the tunica muscularis. Electrical field stimulation or ACh caused translocation of neural PKC-ϵ-LI from the cytosol to a peripheral compartment. After stimulation, PKC-ϵ-LI was found in spindle-shaped cells in the DMP. These cells were identified as ICC-DMP by Kit-LI and vimentin-LI. PKC-ϵ-LI in ICC-DMP and translocation of PKCϵ-LI in neurons were blocked by tetrodotoxin or atropine, suggesting that these responses were due to activation of muscarinic receptors. Western blots also confirmed translocation of PKC-ϵ-LI. In conclusion, PKC-ϵ translocation is linked to muscarinic receptor activation in ICC-DMP and a subpopulation of myenteric neurons. These studies demonstrate that ICC-DMP are functionally innervated by excitatory motoneurons.

scholarly journals A novel mutation in the nucleoporin NUP35 causes murine degenerative colonic smooth muscle myopathy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Parish ◽  
Lincon A Stamp ◽  
Ayla May D Lorenzo ◽  
Suzanne M Fowler ◽  
Yovina Sontani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Cells Of Cajal ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Rna Recognition Motif ◽  
Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction ◽  
Cells Of Cajal

Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction (CIPO) is a rare, but life-threatening, disease characterized by severe intestinal dysmotility. Histopathological studies of CIPO patients have identified several different mechanisms that appear to be responsible for the dysmotility, including defects in neurons, smooth muscle or interstitial cells of Cajal. Currently there are few mouse models of the various forms of CIPO. We generated a mouse with a point mutation in the RNA Recognition Motif of the Nup35 gene, which encodes a component of the nuclear pore complex. Nup35 mutants developed a severe megacolon and exhibited reduced lifespan. Histopathological examination revealed a degenerative myopathy that developed after birth and specifically affected smooth muscle in the colon; smooth muscle in the small bowel and the bladder were not affected. Furthermore, no defects were found in enteric neurons or interstitial cells of Cajal. Nup35 mice are likely to be a valuable model for the sub-type of CIPO characterized by degenerative myopathy. Our study also raises the possibility that Nup35 polymorphisms could contribute to some cases of CIPO.

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