Structural Changes in Root Tips of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Response to Olive Oil Mill Wastewater

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 1957-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aybeke ◽  
U. Sidal ◽  
G. Huseyin
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Olive Oil Mill Wastewater

Cytogenetic studies of progenies from crosses between 'Centurk' wheat and its doubled haploids derived from anther culture

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawsan S. Youssef ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
C. M. Papa
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
A Minor

Karyotype stability, which is essential when using wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) doubled haploids in a breeding program, was evaluated in 14 anther-derived doubled-haploid lines after at least three generations of selfing, by crossing them as females with the parent cultivar 'Centurk' and doing cytological studies on the progenies. There were no deviations from the hexaploid chromosome number (2n = 42) in root tips. Meiotic chromosome pairing was as stable as that in the control ('Centurk' × 'Centurk') in most progenies. Chromosomal structural changes and (or) behavioral deviations were detected at the metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, and quartet stages of meiosis in a minor proportion of the cells. The frequencies of multivalents, lagging bivalents and univalents, bridges, and micronuclei were higher in some progenies than in the control. Chromosomal fragments were infrequent. The ranges in percentages of normal cells were 72.4–90.0 at anaphase I, 76.4–92.6 at telophase I, and 82.6–93.2 at quartet stages in the doubled-haploid progenies, compared with 95–100, 92–100, and 94–96, respectively, in the control. On the basis of these results, the doubled-haploid lines should produce enough normal gametes to provide adequate seed supplies when they are used as parents in wheat cultivar and population improvement.Key words: Triticum aestivum, chromosome pairing, chromosome aberrations, gametoclonal variation.

scholarly journals Chromatid and chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Bfb Cycle ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Abstract During the development of disomic additions of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two reverse tandem duplications on wheat chromosomes 3D and 4A were isolated. By virtue of their meiotic pairing, the reverse tandem duplications initiated the chromatid type of the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This BFB cycle continued through pollen mitoses and in the early endosperm divisions, but no clear evidence of its presence in embryo mitoses was found. The chromosome type of BFB cycle was initiated by fusion of two broken chromosome ends resulting in a dicentric or a ring chromosome. Chromosome type BFB cycles were detected in embryo mitoses and in root tips, but they did not persist until the next meiosis and were not transmitted to the progeny. Active BFB cycles induced breakage of other wheat chromosomes that resulted in additional reverse tandem duplications and dicentric and ring chromosomes. Four loci, on chromosome arms 2BS, 3DS, 4AL, and most likely on 7DL, were particularly susceptible to breakage. The BFB cycles produced high frequency of variegation for pigmentation of the aleurone layer of kernels and somatic chimeras for a morphological marker. With the exception of low mutation rate, the observed phenomena are consistent with the activity of a Ds-like element. However, it is not clear whether such an element, if indeed present, was of wheat or rye origin.

Meiotic abnormalities in primary regenerants from callus culture of immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Meiotic Abnormalities ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Meiotic Analyses

Tissue culture can induce changes in chromosome structure and number in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The type and frequency of such changes were evaluated in primary regenerants extracted from calli of four immature embryos of 'Norstar' winter wheat cultured for various durations. Meiotic analyses of samples from 18 or 19 primary regenerants from a single embryo cultured for 6, 10, or 14 weeks detected chromosomal changes in 17–20% of the samples. Analyses of 20 duplicate samples from these plants indicated that 7 (35%) plants were chimeras. Similar analyses for nine duplicate samples from plants extracted from an embryo cultured for 18 weeks failed to detect any chimeras, but meiotic abnormalities were much more frequent, with about one-half of the 46 plants sampled showing chromosomal structural changes; translocations were the most common abnormality. Plants regenerated from this embryo also were characterized by an abnormal chromosome, believed to contain a deletion, that was not considered to have been induced by tissue culture.Key words: tissue culture, meiotic abnormalities, Triticum aestivum, aneuploidy, translocations, chimeras.

Study of callus growth and organ formation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) tissue cultures

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dudits ◽  
G. Nemet ◽  
Z. Haydu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Organ Formation ◽  
Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Callus

Callus cultures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were established by incubation of segments from root tips, shoots of seedlings, and from rachis with B5 and T media. 2,4,5-Tri-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Benazolin, and Banvel D (Dicamba) were found to be appropriate growth regulators for initiation and maintenance of wheat callus cultures. Cytokinins inhibited callus growth. This effect was less pronounced with zeatin than with kinetin and benzyladenine. Supplementation of media with cytokinins, however, increased the number of roots formed in the callus. Shoots and complete plants were regenerated from rachis and shoot callus.

Stability of ploidy in meristems of plants regenerated from anther calli of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.)

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia T. Kudirka ◽  
Gideon W. Schaeffer ◽  
P. Stephen Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Cell Genome ◽  
Individual Root

Plants were regenerated from anther calli of the winter wheat cultivar 'Centurk' (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). Cells of root tips of young regenerated plants were assayed for ploidy and plants were categorized as polyhaploid, mixoploid, or hexaploid. Tillering and seed set were analyzed in plants that survived to maturity. Less than 1% of the tiller population produced by polyhaploid plants set seed. In contrast, 73% of the tiller population produced by hexaploid plants set seed, with significantly greater seed set per fertile tiller. These data were taken to indicate that the ploidy composition of root tips of young regenerated plants reflected that of the reproductive structures of mature regenerated plants. Common patterns of aneuploidy in hexaploid and hyperploid cells found among roots of individual plants confirmed the idea that doubling of the cell genome occurred before plant regeneration. Polyhaploid and hexaploid cells were found in individual root tips of mixoploid plants regenerated from calli that were known to be cytochimeric. The possibility that regeneration of plants can occur from more than a single cell of an anther callus is discussed.Key words: anther culture, Triticum aestivum, wheat, mixoploidy, aneuploidy, regeneration.

The expression of aluminum stress induced polypeptides in a population segregating for aluminum tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl J. Somers ◽  
J. Perry Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Whole Cell Lysate

This study examined the changes in gene expression induced by aluminum (Al) stress in wheat root tips. Seedlings of Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Katepwa (Al sensitive), Maringa (Al tolerant), and Alikat (Al tolerant near isoline; 'Katepwa'*3/'Maringa') and a F2 population derived from 'Katepwa' × 'Alikat', were grown for 3 days in either 0 or 1 μg∙mL−1 Al. Polypeptides were labeled with 35S-methionine prior to separation by gel electrophoresis. There were a few polypeptides from whole cell lysates that showed enhanced expression in all of the genotypes in 1 μg∙mL−1 Al, however, the whole cell lysate and microsomal polypeptide profiles also revealed numerous unique changes in gene expression in Al-sensitive 'Katepwa' at 1 μg∙mL−1 Al; the latter cosegregated with only the Al-sensitive F2 bulks. The microsomal polypeptide profiles of the Al-tolerant lines 'Maringa' and 'Alikat' changed marginally in the presence of Al and these changes were also reflected in the Al-tolerant F2 bulks. The data showed that there were many changes in gene expression which cosegregated with Al sensitivity and suggest that Al tolerance in wheat may rely on constitutively expressed polypeptides.Key words: wheat, aluminum, protein synthesis, segregation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document