scholarly journals Technical & Regulatory Developments to Support Innovative Offshore Wind Vessel

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

Over the last few years offshore wind industry has become a key contributor to the transformation of the world energy sources. This transformation is driven not only by the increased demand of energy coming from emerging countries but also by the increased awareness about climate change. To keep on developing this industry, offshore wind farms are now moving further from shore and into deeper water. In addition, to fight back against other energy sources, an outstanding effort is requested to the whole supply chain, including vessels serving this industry, to reduce costs. This paper will explain how the development of new technologies certainly helps to solve the complex equation that the offshore wind industry is facing today. In addition, this paper will describe how classification societies support these developments by providing a constructive regulatory scope to ensure that this innovative vessels can meet this challenge without compromising on safety and while reducing their environmental impact.

scholarly journals An Expert-Driven Probabilistic Assessment of the Safety and Security of Offshore Wind Farms

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5465
Author(s):  
Oscar Hernán Ramírez-Agudelo ◽  
Corinna Köpke ◽  
Yann Guillouet ◽  
Jan Schäfer-Frey ◽  
Evelin Engler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
High Level ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) are important infrastructure which provide an alternative and clean means of energy production worldwide. The offshore wind industry has been continuously growing. Over the years, however, it has become evident that OWFs are facing a variety of safety and security challenges. If not addressed, these issues may hinder their progress. Based on these safety and security goals and on a Bayesian network model, this work presents a methodological approach for structuring and organizing expert knowledge and turning it into a probabilistic model to assess the safety and security of OWFs. This graphical probabilistic model allowed us to create a high-level representation of the safety and security state of a generic OWF. By studying the interrelations between the different functions of the model, and by proposing different scenarios, we determined the impacts that a failing function may have on other functions in this complex system. Finally, this model helped us define the performance requirements of such infrastructure, which should be beneficial for optimizing operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals TENDENCY OF GLOBAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE WORLD IN THE LAST TEN YEARS

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Karabegović
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The World

It is well-known that, in the past decades, the burning of fossil fuels was identified as the major cause of climate change. Climate change mitigation is becoming a central concern of global society. Limiting global warming to below 2 °C above the temperature of the pre-industrial period is the key to preserving global ecosystems and providing a secure basis for human activities, as well as reducing excessive environmental change. The ambitions increased at an accelerated pace with a dramatic expansion of net zero-emission targets. Increasing pressure from citizens and society has forced countries to intensify their climate plans, while the private sector has bought a record amount of renewable energy. An energy system based on fossil fuels must be replaced by renewable energy with low carbon emissions with improved energy efficiency. That applies to all consumers of fossil energy: cities, villages, building sectors, industry, transport, agriculture, and forestry. The paper explores and presents the strategy of energy development of renewable energy sources in the world. The application of new technologies that have led to developing renewable energy sources is presented in detail: wind energy, solar energy, small hydropower plants, biomass, and their increase in the total share of energy production, i.e., reduced fossil fuel use in energy production. Investments in new technologies used in renewable energy sources have led to increases in employment worldwide. Analysis of the trend of increased energy production from RES (Renewable Energy Sources) with investment plans, the employment rate for each energy source, and the development of renewable energy sources in the coming period are provided.

scholarly journals Offshore Wind Farms and the Sector of Tourism and Recreation: A Review of Conflicts and Synergies

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (Vol Esp. 2) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Júlia Terra M. Machado ◽  
Maria ce Andrés García
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
Specific Assessment

Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) are emerging around the world as transformation drivers for countries seeking out energy autonomy and development while taking a stand in the fight against climate change. However, OWF projects can also generate externalities, especially in coastal cities which rely on Tourism and Recreation (T&R), sectors highly dependent on marine space and landscape, and the analysis of this mutual influence seems to persist outside the academic radar. To assess this possible research gap, articles published in the past 5 years about the sitting of offshore wind turbines in coastal areas with the characteristics above mentioned are analysed. As a result, possible conflicts and synergies were found in different parts of the world. Three factors result as the most relevant to determine the occurrence of conflicts: spatial limitation - location of the turbines, security flaws due to incompatible uses and depreciation of the landscape. In addition, the articles considered here become indicators of the current literary production on the subject and, thus, confirm the insufficient academic development of this topic. Overall, the occurrence of conflicts appears strongly linked to the lack of integration and communication between the sectors analysed throughout the different project stages. On the other hand, it is found that synergies based on T&R tend to obtain a greater degree of success; thus, the combinations between OWF and T&R are evaluated as possible and probably notorious and prosperous if an adequate mapping and management of coastal sectors is carried out. In conclusion, a meticulous and specific assessment of the tourist and recreational impacts generated by the installation of a potential offshore wind farm is considered an indispensable practice to be carried out in coastal areas with a high density of tourist and recreational activities in the search for sustainable and synergistic development.

Offshore Mothership Design for Far-From-Shore Wind Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrey Aggarwal ◽  
Ema Muk-Pavic
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Productivity

Offshore Wind Energy has been one of the fastest-growing industries in Europe and the United Kingdom and is now gaining traction in other parts of the world too. To harvest the best winds and increase productivity, most of the new offshore projects such as the UK’s Round 3 allocations will be located much farther away from the shore, which is expected to pose major problems in Operation and Maintenance (O&M). So far, research focused on the maintenance strategies for large offshore wind farms shows that the use of an Offshore Mothership is a promising option for minimizing O&M expenditure. This paper presents a design of a Mothership tailored for one of the largest offshore wind farms in the world. Special consideration has been given to the ship’s layout and towards optimizing the payload to carry out a wide range of repairs.

scholarly journals Development of Renewable Energy in Lithuania: Experience, State and Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Giedrius Gecevičius ◽  
Žydrūnas Kavaliauskas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The World

In recent decades, the growing number of citizens and improving life quality have increased energy consumption in the world and Europe, as well as in Lithuania. Despite the fact that an increasing number of countries are focusing on the development of renewable energy, most of the energy is produced by using fossil fuels. As a result, climate change is being felt more than ever before. One of the ways to mitigate climate change is the development of renewable energy sources in the world, Europe and Lithuania. Last year, Lithuania produced 5,142 TWh of electricity, which accounted for 47% of the country’s total electricity consumption, and 22.2% of all electricity consumption was generated using renewable energy sources. According to the Lithuanian National Energy Independence Strategy, 70% of electricity will have to be produced in Lithuania by 2030, reaching 100% by 2050. However, electricity imports and resulting energy dependence are still a major challenge in Lithuania. To address the ambitious goals of eliminating energy dependence and developing climate-neutral technologies, the last decade has seen the focus on the development of renewable energy, and wind energy in particular. Forecasts for the future suggest that by the middle of the century, the country will be producing electricity mainly from renewable sources including onshore and offshore wind energy, large- and small-scale solar energy, and bioenergy systems.

scholarly journals How important are ports for the offshore wind industry?: the case of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
A. Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
F. Puime-Guillén ◽  
D. Cordal-Iglesias ◽  
A.I. García-Diez ◽  
I. Lamas-Galdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

Offshore wind is becoming a new technology to develop a better sustainable world. Its progress is linked to the use of port facilities, where the offshore wind farms can be stored or pre-installed. The aim of this paper is to analyse the storage space availability for ports in terms of being used for the new offshore wind sector. The case of study will be focused on analysing the port facilities in Spain, country with a great offshore wind resource in some specific areas. Results indicate the ports that can be used for the development of offshore wind in Spain. This work is important in order to establish a roadmap of the offshore wind business in Spain, which can repair the economic and social damaged due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Windows of Offshore Operations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Acton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Climate Projection ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Operations

Abstract Ocean renewable energy has a central role to play in decarbonizing the global energy system. The emergence of new technologies such as floating wind farms will significantly increase offshore wind deployment by providing access to large areas of the seabed that are not suitable for fixed bottom turbines. Operations and Maintenance (O&M) is estimated to contribute 50% to an offshore wind farm’s total operational cost. The ability to improve the efficiency of O&M activities will enable offshore wind to compete with traditional fossil-based and onshore-renewable generation methods. To achieve this, an accurate characterization of the metocean environment is a mechanism of reducing delays and costs across the entire project lifecycle. One of the most significant costs associated with offshore operations is accessing a site with vessels. Site access is determined using vessels constraints in the maximum allowable meteorological and ocean (metocean) conditions and is defined as weather window analysis. However, industry guidelines and standards rely on historical data and do not consider the impact of climate change on the marine climate and the associated vessel operability. This requires the use of climate projection data. The opportunity to use an existing industry metric such as weather windows will tailor the climate projection data to the end-users needs. This paper’s findings suggest that climate change will alter the metocean environment and vessel operability for the case study location investigated. The findings demonstrate the value of site-specific assessment of the future wave climate to inform operational decision making. The main conclusion is that longer-term planning will require the offshore wind sector to consider the impact of climate change on O&M activities.

scholarly journals Current status and perspectives on offshore wind farms development in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Leszek Dawid
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe purpose of the article is to present perspectives for the development of offshore wind farms in the leading, in this respect, country in the EU and in the world – Great Britain. Wind power plays a remarkable role in the process of ensuring energy security for Europe since in 2016 the produced wind energy met 10.4% of the European electricity demand while in 2017 it was already around 11.6%. The article analyses the capacity of wind farms, support systems offered by this country and the criteria related to the location of offshore wind farms. The research has been based on the analysis of legal acts, regulations, literature on the subject, information from websites. The article shows that in recent years, the production of energy at sea has been developing very rapidly, and the leading, in this matter, British offshore energy sector is characterised by strong governmental support.

scholarly journals Optimization of monopiles for offshore wind turbines

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2035) ◽  
pp. 20140100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Kallehave ◽  
Byron W. Byrne ◽  
Christian LeBlanc Thilsted ◽  
Kristian Kousgaard Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Offshore Wind Industry

The offshore wind industry currently relies on subsidy schemes to be competitive with fossil-fuel-based energy sources. For the wind industry to survive, it is vital that costs are significantly reduced for future projects. This can be partly achieved by introducing new technologies and partly through optimization of existing technologies and design methods. One of the areas where costs can be reduced is in the support structure, where better designs, cheaper fabrication and quicker installation might all be possible. The prevailing support structure design is the monopile structure, where the simple design is well suited to mass-fabrication, and the installation approach, based on conventional impact driving, is relatively low-risk and robust for most soil conditions. The range of application of the monopile for future wind farms can be extended by using more accurate engineering design methods, specifically tailored to offshore wind industry design. This paper describes how state-of-the-art optimization approaches are applied to the design of current wind farms and monopile support structures and identifies the main drivers where more accurate engineering methods could impact on a next generation of highly optimized monopiles.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms
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