Cholesterol-Absorber Status Modifies the LDL Cholesterol–Lowering Effect of a Mediterranean-Type Diet in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in old age, yet there is limited research on the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that predict survival to 90 years. Hypothesis: The patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that portend longevity will differ from those that confer low cardiovascular risk. Methods: We examined repeated measures of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and BMI from age 67 and survival to 90 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). CHS is a prospective study of 5,888 black and white adults in two waves (1989-90 and 1992-93) from Medicare eligibility lists in four counties in the U.S. We restricted to participants aged 67 to 75 years at baseline to control for birth cohort effects and examined repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors throughout the late-life course. We fit logistic regression models to predict survival to age 90 using generalized estimating equations, and modeled the risk factors as linear, a linear spline, and clinically relevant categories. Models were adjusted for demographics and medication use, and we also examined whether the association of each risk factor with longevity varied by the age of risk factor measurement. Best fit models are presented. Results: Among 3,645 participants in the birth cohort, 1,160 (31.8%) survived to 90 by June 16 th , 2015. Higher systolic blood pressure in early old age was associated with reduced odds for longevity, but there was an interaction with age such that the association crossed the null at 80 years. (Table) Among those with LDL-cholesterol <130 mg/dL, higher LDL-cholesterol was associated with greater longevity; at levels above 130 mg/dL there was no association between LDL-cholesterol and longevity. BMI had a u-shaped association with longevity. Conclusions: In summary, the patterns of risk factors that predict longevity differ from that considered to predict low cardiovascular risk. The risk of high systolic blood pressure appears to depend on the age of blood pressure measurement.

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Mo-P5:364 Effects of a cholesterol-lowering diet during pregnancy on cardiovascular risk factors and pregnancy outcome: A randomized clinical trial

Atherosclerosis Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-5688(06)80495-2 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

J. Khoury ◽

T. Henriksen ◽

I. Seljeflot ◽

B. Christophersen ◽

L. Morderid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Cholesterol Lowering

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Inborn coagulation factors are more important cardiovascular risk factors than high LDL-cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia

Medical Hypotheses ◽

10.1016/j.mehy.2018.09.019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 60-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Uffe Ravnskov ◽

Michel de Lorgeril ◽

Malcolm Kendrick ◽

David M. Diamond

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Coagulation Factors

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LDL-cholesterol Lowering Effect of Terminalia littoralis Decoction: Hypothesized Mechanisms

Pharmacologia ◽

10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.34.37 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 34-37

Author(s):

C.O. Ibegbulem ◽

C.U. Igwe ◽

E.U. Eyong ◽

E.U. Essien ◽

M.O. Wegwu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Cholesterol Lowering ◽

Lowering Effect ◽

Cholesterol Lowering Effect

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Butyrylcholinesterase: Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Identification of 2 Gene Loci Affecting Activity

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2005.065052 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1014-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Anne Valle ◽

Daniel T O’Connor ◽

Palmer Taylor ◽

Gu Zhu ◽

Grant W Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Cholinesterase Activity ◽

Plasma Cholinesterase ◽

Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Adult Twins

Abstract Background: Plasma cholinesterase activity is known to be correlated with plasma triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and other features of the metabolic syndrome. A role in triglyceride metabolism has been proposed. Genetic variants that decrease activity have been studied extensively, but the factors contributing to overall variation in the population are poorly understood. We studied plasma cholinesterase activity in a sample of 2200 adult twins to assess covariation with cardiovascular risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome, to determine the degree of genetic effects on enzyme activity, and to search for quantitative trait loci affecting activity. Methods and Results: Cholinesterase activity was lower in women than in men before the age of 50, but increased to activity values similar to those in males after that age. There were highly significant correlations with variables associated with the metabolic syndrome: plasma triglyceride, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and E, urate, and insulin concentrations; γ-glutamyltransferase and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities; body mass index; and blood pressure. The heritability of plasma cholinesterase activity was 65%. Linkage analysis with data from the dizygotic twin pairs showed suggestive linkage on chromosome 3 at the location of the cholinesterase (BCHE) gene and also on chromosome 5. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extend the connection between cholinesterase, cardiovascular risk factors, and metabolic syndrome. They establish a substantial heritability for plasma cholinesterase activity that might be attributable to variation near the structural gene and at an independent locus.

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