[84] PREVALENCE OF MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND DISTANCE FROM THE LDL CHOLESTEROL TARGET AMONG DYSLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS AT DIFFERENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
M. Pirro ◽  
R. Del Giorno ◽  
M.R. Mannarino ◽  
D. Covelli ◽  
G. Schillaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol

Abstract P011: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Longevity

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C Odden ◽  
Andreea Rawlings ◽  
Alice Arnold ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Mary Lou Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Cardiovascular Risk

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in old age, yet there is limited research on the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that predict survival to 90 years. Hypothesis: The patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that portend longevity will differ from those that confer low cardiovascular risk. Methods: We examined repeated measures of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and BMI from age 67 and survival to 90 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). CHS is a prospective study of 5,888 black and white adults in two waves (1989-90 and 1992-93) from Medicare eligibility lists in four counties in the U.S. We restricted to participants aged 67 to 75 years at baseline to control for birth cohort effects and examined repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors throughout the late-life course. We fit logistic regression models to predict survival to age 90 using generalized estimating equations, and modeled the risk factors as linear, a linear spline, and clinically relevant categories. Models were adjusted for demographics and medication use, and we also examined whether the association of each risk factor with longevity varied by the age of risk factor measurement. Best fit models are presented. Results: Among 3,645 participants in the birth cohort, 1,160 (31.8%) survived to 90 by June 16 th , 2015. Higher systolic blood pressure in early old age was associated with reduced odds for longevity, but there was an interaction with age such that the association crossed the null at 80 years. (Table) Among those with LDL-cholesterol <130 mg/dL, higher LDL-cholesterol was associated with greater longevity; at levels above 130 mg/dL there was no association between LDL-cholesterol and longevity. BMI had a u-shaped association with longevity. Conclusions: In summary, the patterns of risk factors that predict longevity differ from that considered to predict low cardiovascular risk. The risk of high systolic blood pressure appears to depend on the age of blood pressure measurement.

scholarly journals Butyrylcholinesterase: Association with the Metabolic Syndrome and Identification of 2 Gene Loci Affecting Activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Valle ◽  
Daniel T O’Connor ◽  
Palmer Taylor ◽  
Gu Zhu ◽  
Grant W Montgomery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase ◽  
Plasma Cholinesterase Activity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adult Twins

Abstract Background: Plasma cholinesterase activity is known to be correlated with plasma triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and other features of the metabolic syndrome. A role in triglyceride metabolism has been proposed. Genetic variants that decrease activity have been studied extensively, but the factors contributing to overall variation in the population are poorly understood. We studied plasma cholinesterase activity in a sample of 2200 adult twins to assess covariation with cardiovascular risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome, to determine the degree of genetic effects on enzyme activity, and to search for quantitative trait loci affecting activity. Methods and Results: Cholinesterase activity was lower in women than in men before the age of 50, but increased to activity values similar to those in males after that age. There were highly significant correlations with variables associated with the metabolic syndrome: plasma triglyceride, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and E, urate, and insulin concentrations; γ-glutamyltransferase and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities; body mass index; and blood pressure. The heritability of plasma cholinesterase activity was 65%. Linkage analysis with data from the dizygotic twin pairs showed suggestive linkage on chromosome 3 at the location of the cholinesterase (BCHE) gene and also on chromosome 5. Conclusions: Our results confirm and extend the connection between cholinesterase, cardiovascular risk factors, and metabolic syndrome. They establish a substantial heritability for plasma cholinesterase activity that might be attributable to variation near the structural gene and at an independent locus.

scholarly journals Cholesterol-Absorber Status Modifies the LDL Cholesterol–Lowering Effect of a Mediterranean-Type Diet in Adults with Moderate Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 1791-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Wolff ◽  
Marie-France Vergnes ◽  
Henri Portugal ◽  
Catherine Defoort ◽  
Marie-Jo Amiot-Carlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Lowering Effect

scholarly journals Patterns of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Old Age and Survival and Health Status at 90

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2207-2214
Author(s):  
Michelle C Odden ◽  
Andreea M Rawlings ◽  
Alice M Arnold ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Mary L Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Lower Likelihood

Abstract Background The population age 90 years and older is the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population. Only recently is it possible to study the factors that portend survival to this age. Methods Among participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study, we studied the association of repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors measured over 15–23 years of follow-up and not only survival to 90 years of age, but also healthy aging outcomes among the population who reached age 90. We included participants aged 67–75 years at baseline (n = 3,613/5,888) to control for birth cohort effects, and followed participants until death or age 90 (median follow-up = 14.7 years). Results Higher systolic blood pressure was associated with a lower likelihood of survival to age 90, although this association was attenuated at older ages (p-value for interaction &lt;.001) and crossed the null for measurements taken in participants’ 80’s. Higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (BMI) were associated with greater longevity. Among the survivors to age 90, those with worse cardiovascular profile (high blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, glucose, and BMI; low HDL cholesterol) had lower likelihood of remaining free of cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and disability. Conclusion In summary, we observed paradoxical associations between some cardiovascular risk factors and survival to old age; whereas, among those who survive to very old age, these risk factors were associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes.

scholarly journals ABO Blood Group System and the Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors between Men and Women with Cardiovascular Diseases—A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Rachana Katna ◽  
Ch Srinivasa Rao ◽  
Aswin Kumar M. ◽  
Farheen Fatima ◽  
Madhuri Taranikanti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives The present study was designed to explore the relation between ABO blood group and cardiovascular risk factors in the patients attending tertiary care hospital in South India. Materials and Methods One hundred nine patients, each male and female with different cardiovascular diseases, were included in the study and their ABO blood groups were analyzed with the cardiovascular risk factors. A detailed history was taken from all the patients regarding cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and lipidemic. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were determined for assessing lipidemia. Blood grouping was done using standard tube technique. Red cell and serum grouping was performed and results documented. Association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors was done using chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation. Results The distribution of ABO blood groups shows that blood group O (41.28%) was more common in patients followed by group B (29.36%), group A (19.27%), and group AB (10.09%). One-hundred six cases (97.2%) were Rh D positive. A statistically significant difference was observed between gender and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI with p value <0.05. In the study population, distribution of major cardiovascular risk factors, especially diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia, with ABO blood groups shows that there was no significant difference observed between blood groups and these cardiovascular risk factors. However, statistical significance was there between blood group O and hypertension (p = 0.03). Conclusion There was no significant difference between the blood groups and the major cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes and lipids, but there was an association between blood group O and hypertension.

The treatment of hyperlipidaemia in postmenopausal women

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mary Seed ◽  
R Mandeno ◽  
C Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Current Evidence

This review summarises current evidence for therapeutic options for hyperlipidaemia in post menopausal women. The two situations in which treatment is recommended are: 1. Primary prevention, which requires assessment of total risk factors for coronary heart disease. a) Statins. AFCAPS/TEXCAPS is the only randomised controlled trial (RCT) to include women. Fewer coronary heart disease (CHD) events, but no difference in mortality was found. b) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT). While there are numerous reports of positive observational epidemiological studies for HRT, there are no completed RCTs. There is little evidence for statin use in women except for familial hypercholesterolaemia. HRT is therefore not only appropriate for its multiple effects on lipoproteins, vascular function and insulin sensitivity but also for prevention of osteoporosis. 2. Secondary prevention, to achieve target total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. a) Statins. The major measurable effect of these drugs is to reduce total and LDL cholesterol. In the RCTs 4S, CARE and LIPID, where 20% of subjects were female, CHD events, but neither CHD mortality nor total mortality were significantly reduced in women. b) HRT. Data available from two RCTs using conjugated equine oestrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate show no benefit. Other studies of HRT have been observational and positive. The effects of treatment on lipoproteins with statins, HRT and the combination have been investigated. In secondary prevention for hyperlipidaemic women to achieve cholesterol <5 and LDL<3 mmol/L statins will be first choice, with HRT a possible addition for its other benefits on cardiovascular risk factors. Choice of HRT medication. The route of administration will affect specific risk factors, eg, oral oestrogen reduces Lp(a) and LDL, increases HDL, while the transdermal route is less effective at reducing Lp(a) and LDL but does not increase triglyceride. Both routes reduce fibrinogen, factor VII and adhesion molecules and improve blood flow. The choice of progestogen will also affect cardiovascular risk factors. The most important lipid risk factors in women are HDL, triglyceride and Lp(a). The risk associated with raised triglyceride and LDL is offset by high HDL. Thus, in women with risk factors in primary prevention, theoretically oral HRT with a non-androgenic progestogen is likely to be of most benefit. However, since long-term adherence to therapy is important in reducing cardiovascular risk, the individual's choice of route and type of HRT is paramount.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients Infected with HIV: Are LDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Particle Number Discordant?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
Deborah Varela ◽  
Ray Pourfazib ◽  
Deborah Winegar ◽  
Victoria Sharp ◽  
David Ferris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol

Control of cardiovascular risk factors in a vascular retinopathy population and its long-term impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aguila Gordo ◽  
M Marina Breysse ◽  
J Piqueras Flores ◽  
J Martinez Del Rio ◽  
C Mateo Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Percutaneous Revascularization ◽  
Lipid Control

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Control of cardiovascular risk factors is the cornerstone of secondary prevention. However, in patients with retinopathy of vascular etiology (hypertensive, diabetic or atherosclerotic) the benefit of stricter control of lipid in the long term has been little studied. Methods Prospective study of a cohort of 107 patients who underwent fundus and coronary angiography, of which 42 (39.3%) required percutaneous revascularization. During the follow-up, new cardiovascular events and analytical control of cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Results Mean age was 75.19 ± 11.53 years. 60.7% were men, 78.5% were hypertensive, 32.7% were diabetic, and dyslipidemia was observed in 57%. Initially, 28% had 1-vessel disease, 14% 2-vessel, 8.4% 3-vessel, and 3.8% left common trunk. 0.9% had diabetic retinopathy, 3.7% had hypertensive retinopathy, 1.9% atherosclerotic, 70.1% had a combination of hypertensive and atherosclerotic retinopathy, and 7.5% signs compatible with all types. Initial and final mean values of LDL-c and HDL-c by type of retinopathy are in Table 1.  During follow-up, a significant improvement in LDL-c and HDL-c levels was observed in total patients and in patients with hypertensive and atherosclerotic retinopathy, however globally lipid control was poor and only 18.9% of the total of the sample reached the recommended levels for very high-risk people (&lt;55 LDL-C).  Advanced hypertensive retinopathy patients with a greater reduction in LDL-C during follow-up, recorded lower mortality (p = 0.004). Besides, patients with previous percutaneous revascularization showed a greater decrease in LDL levels at the end of follow-up (69.5 ± 26.1 vs 103 ± 41.47; p &lt;0.001); without significant changes in the rest of parameters.  Conclusions In patients with vascular etiology retinopathy, long-term lipid control is poor. However, patients with hypertensive retinopathy and a greater reduction in LDL-c had lower long-term mortality. Hypertensive retinopathy Initial Final Sig. LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 102,8+/-35,5 75,65+/-28,9 &lt;0,001 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 42,1+/-10,3 43,46+/-13,1 0,04 Atherosclerotic retinopathy LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 101,2+/-36,8 79,8+/-32,98 &lt;0,001 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 42,8+/-11,6 45,73+/-13,9 0,03 Diabetic retinopathy LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 89,1+/-35,8 69,8+/-18 0,73 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 35,2+/-8,7 31,51+/-12,7 0,73

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