Excess Gestational Weight Gain Is Associated with Child Adiposity among Mothers with Normal and Overweight Prepregnancy Weight Status

Abstract An appropriate gestational weight gain is an essential factor of female reproductive success because gestational weight gain influences newborn size but also maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to analyze the impact of maternal somatic factors, first of all maternal stature height, on gestational weight gain. Additionally the effect of gestational weight gain and other maternal somatic factors on newborn size was tested. In the present study the data of 12,661 term birth which have taken place in Vienna, Austria were analyzed. Maternal and newborn somatometric features such as prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, birth weight, birth length and head circumference were included. Nearly 65% of the women gained appropriate weight during pregnancy. About 20% showed an excessive, less than 15% an inappropriate gestational weight gain. Gestational weight gain was influenced significantly by prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, maternal age, but also nicotine consumption during pregnancy. A significant association between gestational weight gain and newborn somatometrics could be stated. It could be shown that gestational weight gain is influenced by several maternal somatic but also behavioral factors. Newborn size is associated with gestational weight gain.

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Recent Lifestyle Parameters Are Associated with Increasing Caesarean Section Rates among Singleton Term Births in Austria

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16010014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylvia Kirchengast ◽

Beda Hartmann

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Weight Status ◽

Body Height ◽

Breech Presentation ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight Status

Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing in many parts of the world, recently reaching about 20% worldwide. The postmodern lifestyle characteristics, obesity and delayed childbirth, have been put forward as the main reasons for high CS rates. The present study tests the association patterns between lifestyle parameters and delivery mode on a data set of 3786 births in Vienna between 2005 and 2013. The focus is exclusively on singleton term births. As well as maternal age, prepregnancy weight status, maternal body height and gestational weight gain, newborn size (birth weight, birth length, and head circumference), Apgar scores and child presentation were recorded. Planned as well as emergency CS rates increased significantly (p < 0.0001) with increasing maternal age and decreasing maternal body height. Emergency CS rates, however, increased significantly with increasing maternal prepregnancy weight status and gestational weight gain. An especially high risk of emergency CS occurred among four groups of mothers: those older than 40 years (OR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.87–3.86), those who were obese (OR = 1.44; 95% 1.15–1.81), those experiencing a gestational weight gain above 15 kg (OR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.13–1.54), and those shorter than 160 cm (OR = 1.216; 95% CI 1.02–1.45). Emergency CS rates were significantly higher among low-weight newborns (<2500 g) and macrosome newborns (>4000 g) than among normal-weight newborns. Furthermore, breech presentation was associated with an increased risk of caesarean delivery (OR 6.97; 95% CI 6.09–7.96). Logistic regression analyses reveal that maternal age, maternal body height, prepregnancy weight status, gestational weight gain, birth weight, newborn head circumference and child presentation show an independent, highly significant association with caesarean delivery. We conclude that maternal and newborn characteristics typical of recent lifestyle patterns, such as advanced maternal age, obesity, increased gestational weight gain and increased newborn size, are highly significantly associated with increased emergency CS rates. Moreover, maternal shortness and breech presentation are risk factors for emergency CS.

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The Behavioral Wellness in Pregnancy study: a randomized controlled trial of a multi-component intervention to promote appropriate weight gain

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 1071-1079

Author(s):

Lyndi M Buckingham-Schutt ◽

Laura D Ellingson ◽

Spyridoula Vazou ◽

Christina G Campbell

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Behavioral Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Institute Of Medicine ◽

Weight Retention ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

The Face

ABSTRACT Background Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is important to both maternal and fetal outcomes. To date, randomized controlled trials have not been effective at increasing the proportion of women meeting gestational weight-gain guidelines. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether a multi-component behavioral intervention with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist significantly improves the proportion of women who adhere to the 2009 Institute of Medicine weight-gain guidelines. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to usual care (UC; n = 24) or intervention (n = 23) between 8 and 14 weeks of gestation. The intervention included a minimum of 6 one-on-one counseling sessions over ∼30 wk focusing on healthy diet and physical activity (PA) goals. In addition to the face-to-face visits, weekly communication via email supported healthy eating, PA, and appropriate weight gain. Gestational weight gain, PA, and diet were assessed at 8–14, 26–28, and 34–36 weeks of gestation; weight retention was measured 2 mo postpartum. Results The proportion of women meeting the guidelines was significantly greater in those receiving the intervention than UC (60.8% compared with 25.0%, OR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 16.2; P = 0.019). Furthermore, 36.4% of the intervention women were at or below their prepregnancy weight at 2 mo postpartum compared with 12.5% in the UC group (P = 0.05). Conclusions A multi-component behavioral intervention improved adherence to the 2009 Institute of Medicine weight-gain guidelines. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02168647.

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Prepregnancy weight, inappropriate gestational weight gain, and smoking: Relationships to birth weight

American Journal of Human Biology ◽

10.1002/ajhb.20572 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 305-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Richard May

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight

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Associations of Maternal Material Hardships During Childhood and Adulthood with Prepregnancy Weight, Gestational Weight Gain, and Postpartum Weight Retention

Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.1089/jwh.2014.5016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 563-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Audrey M. Provenzano ◽

Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman ◽

Sharon J. Herring ◽

Janet W. Rich-Edwards ◽

Emily Oken

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Postpartum Weight Retention ◽

Weight Retention ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

Postpartum Weight

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Adolescent Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.92.6.805 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 805-809

Author(s):

Catherine Stevens-Simon ◽

Elizabeth R. MCAnarney ◽

Klaus J. Roghmann

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Low Income ◽

Black Adolescents ◽

Maternal Weight Gain ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

Older Adolescents

Objective. To examine the relationship among maternal age, prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and birth weight in 141 low-income black adolescents and their infants. Study sample. One hundred forty-one consecutively enrolled, low-income, black adolescents who entered prenatal care prior to their 23rd week of gestation, were free of chronic diseases, took no regular medications, had no known uterine anomalies, and gave birth to one live neonate. Results. After controlling for prepregnancy weight and other potentially confounding variables, we found a significant relationship between gestational weight gain and infant birth weight among younger adolescents (<16 years old at conception), but not among older adolescents (16 through 19 years old at conception); younger adolescents contributed more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents. Among younger adolescents the rate of maternal weight gain during the entire gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .40; P < .01), whereas for older adolescents only maternal weight gain during the second half of gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .25, P < .05). Conclusions. The data do not support the thesis that younger adolescents compete with their fetuses for nutrients; in fact, younger study adolescents transferred more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents.

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Perception of Weight Status and its Impact on Gestational Weight Gain in an Urban Population

Maternal and Child Health Journal ◽

10.1007/s10995-013-1219-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 1931-1939 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shilpi S. Mehta-Lee ◽

Jennifer L. Lischewski Goel ◽

Linzhi Xu ◽

Mindy R. Brittner ◽

Peter S. Bernstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Urban Population ◽

Weight Status ◽

Gestational Weight

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Predictors of Postpartum Exercise According to Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0585 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 797-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle Symons Downs ◽

Krista S. Leonard ◽

Jessica S. Beiler ◽

Ian M. Paul

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Psychological Correlates ◽

Prepregnancy Weight ◽

Early Postpartum

Background:The study purposes were to examine (1) differences in postpartum exercise (EX) and related personal/psychological correlates in women according to prepregnancy weight and pregnancy gestational weight gain (GWG) status and (2) predictors of EX at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months postpartum.Methods:Participants (N = 891) were recruited at maternity hospitalization and completed interviews to assess EX (Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire) and personal correlates (demographics, anxiety/depressive symptoms) before/during pregnancy. Telephone interviews were conducted to assess postpartum EX/psychological correlates. Women were categorized according to prepregnancy weight (normal and overweight) and pregnancy GWG status (above or within weight gain guidelines): normal-above, normal-within, overweight-above, and overweight-within.Results:Low levels of EX minutes were observed in all women with significant differences for strenuous EX minutes (overweight-within women had the lowest strenuous EX; normal-weight women had more strenuous EX than overweight women regardless of GWG). Correlates explained 14%–37% of the variance in postpartum EX; prepregnancy EX and pregnancy EX were strong determinants of early postpartum EX, and early postpartum EX predicted 6-month postpartum EX. Unique predictors of EX also emerged (eg, depressive symptoms for women with GWG above guidelines).Conclusions:These study findings highlight the benefits of EX before/during pregnancy for promoting postpartum EX and suggest tailoring postpartum EX interventions based on personal/psychological correlates to maximize effectiveness.

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Maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in association with autism and developmental disorders in offspring

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.23228 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susana L. Matias ◽

Michelle Pearl ◽

Kristen Lyall ◽

Lisa A. Croen ◽

Tanja V. E. Kral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Prepregnancy Weight

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Association Between Maternal Body Mass and Physical Activity Counseling During Pregnancy

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shelly Ruart ◽

Stéphane Sinnapah ◽

Olivier Hue ◽

Eustase Janky ◽

Sophie Antoine-Jonville

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Weight Status ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Weight Problem ◽

Weight Problems

Aims: The antenatal period provides an important opportunity for giving advice on healthy lifestyle choices. However, the prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing, and women report that they do not receive counseling. We investigated the information given to pregnant women on gestational weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition during pregnancy in relation with their initial weight status, current gestational weight gain and diagnoses of either pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity or excessive gestational weight gain.Methods: Cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire. Pregnant participants (n = 141) were recruited from a midwife center. They completed a structured questionnaire on the information they received during their pregnancy and we assessed its relationship with their weight.Results: We found that many pregnant women did not receive advice about physical activity, gestational weight gain and nutrition (37.5, 53.2, and 66.2%, respectively). Women with weight problems (pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain) were less targeted for counseling, although more than 80% of the women viewed receiving information on these topics as positive. Also, being informed of a weight problem was associated with a greater chance of receiving information about physical activity, gestational weight gain and nutrition (all p < 0.05). However, verbalization of the weight problems was low (14.0% of women with pre-pregnancy overweight were informed of their status).Conclusion: Health professionals should dispense more information, especially on PA and particularly for women with weight problems. Verbalization of the weight problem seems associated with more frequent transmission of information.

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