scholarly journals Development and morphology of the fruit and seed of the hemiparasite genus Jodina (Cervantesiaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 051
Author(s):  
María Luján Luna ◽  
Gabriela E. Giudice ◽  
Mariana A. Grossi ◽  
Diego G. Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Fruit Type ◽  
Fruit Wall ◽  
Sem Studies

The monotypic genus Jodina is endemic to central and southeastern South America, common in forests and scrubland environments. The fruit type in Jodina is controversial since it has been described at different stages of development. The main objective of this work was to analyze the morphology of the fruit of J. rhombifolia during its maturation to attain a consensus about its type. Also characteristics of seed development and anatomy were analyzed in detail. Material was processed according to conventional techniques for LM and SEM studies. The fruit of J. rhombifolia is a pseudodrupe since the ovary is half-inferior; the fleshy layer of the pericarp is constituted by an increase of the nectary disk whereas the stony layer is represented by the mesocarp. Participation of the nectary disk as part of the fruit wall has not been mentioned previously. The seed is “naked” —the integument disintegrates during development— and the resulting structure is a pyrene. The interpretations made by other authors on the fruit of Jodina are also discussed.

Morphological variations of Phrosina semilunata Risso, 1822 juveniles (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), new evidence from the Gulf of Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4995 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
MARCO VIOLANTE-HUERTA ◽  
LAURA SANVICENTE-AÑORVE ◽  
MARGARITA HERMOSO-SALAZAR ◽  
AURORA MARRÓN-BECERRA
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Southern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Lack of knowledge of morphological variations during growth of amphipod crustaceans can result in misidentification of species. In this study, we advance the knowledge of morphological variations of juveniles of the monotypic genus Phrosina Risso, 1822 collected in the oceanic province of the southern Gulf of Mexico. The juveniles differed from the adults mainly in the morphology of pereopods 3 & 4 in that the carpal process is parallel to the propodus, also the rami of the pleopoda consist of only four segments, uropoda 3 are more lanceolate, and the uropoda bear a large prominent spine terminally. These morphological variations have not been described for the species previously. Therefore, the current observations enrich the description of P. semilunata in the early stages of growth and support the need for further taxonomical studiest that could help identify species at different stages of development.  

A revision of the Neotropical genus Metasiphonella Duda, 1930 (Diptera: Chloropidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
PAULA RAILE RICCARDI ◽  
ZEINAB BAZYAR ◽  
BARBARA ISMAY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
A New Species

The monotypic genus Metasiphonella, originally described from Costa Rica, is now formally recorded from South America with a new species from Brazil—M. amorimi sp. nov. The taxonomic revision includes a detailed description of adult external morphology, female and male terminalia, and the egg stage for all species. A lectotype of M. magnifica Duda is designated and new country records are given. 

Female gametophyte and seed development in Musella lasiocarpa (Musaceae), a monotypic genus endemic to Southwestern China

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 964-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ying Xue ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
De-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Monotypic Genus

Musella is a monotypic genus composed of a single species, Musella lasiocarpa (Franch.) C.Y. Wu ex H.W. Li, endemic to Southwestern China. The genus status of Musella remains controversial. Musella had been placed first in Musa , then in Ensete , and back to Musa before its monotypic status was recognized. Musella was reported to be extinct in the wild and maintained through cultivation only via vegetative propagation through sprouting of rhizomes. In this study, female gametophyte and seed development of Musella are described to assess its systematic position and possible reasons why the wild population is now extinct. The ovules are anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellar. The micropyle is formed by both integuments. The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiotic division and forms a linear megaspore triad or more rarely, a T-shaped megaspore tetrad. The chalazal megaspore develops into a Polygonum type embryo sac. A nucellar pad forms, and a hypostase differentiates. Fertilization is porogamous. Endosperm formation is of the nuclear type. The zygote degenerates and so the process by which the embryo develops, if it does, remains unclear. An operculum, micropylar collar, and chalazal chamber form in mature seeds. The storage tissue is mainly endosperm containing large, compound starch grains and some perisperm. The seed coat has lignified exotestal cells, 25–30 cell layers of sclerotic mesotestal cells, and unspecialized endotesta cells; the tegment consists of two layers of longitudinally elongated cells. The seed is inviable. After comparison with the other Musaceae s. str. taxa using embryological and botanical features, we conclude that Musella should be a distinct genus. Female sterility in Musella may be the main reason why the wild population is extinct. Based on these findings, we propose conservation strategies for this endemic species, including habitat protection as well as ex-situ conservation.

Monotypic no longer: a new species of Panca Evans (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Moncini) from South America

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4269 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
DIEGO RODRIGO DOLIBAINA ◽  
EDUARDO CARNEIRO ◽  
OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK MIELKE ◽  
MIRNA MARTINS CASAGRANDE ◽  
GERARDO LAMAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
A New Species

A new species belonging to the previously monotypic genus Panca Evans, 1955, P. moseri Dolibaina, Carneiro & O. Mielke sp. nov., from grasslands areas of Peru, Bolivia and Brazil is described. Adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated, described in detail, and compared with the type species of the genus, Lerodea subpunctuli Hayward, 1934, and with its externally most similar and sympatric species, Vidius mictra Evans, 1955. The systematic position of the genus Panca and its association with lowland open natural habitats of South America are discussed.

Melychiopharis: an atypical orb-weaving spider from South America (Araneae: Araneidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1016 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADALBERTO J. SANTOS ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT ◽  
HERBERT W. LEVI
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Male Specimen

The monotypic genus Melychiopharis Simon is transferred from Theridiidae to Araneidae, based mainly on characteristics of the male palp. Melychiopharis cynips Simon 1895 is redescribed and illustrated, including the first illustrations of a male specimen.

A new subspecies of Jodina rhombifolia (Santalales: Cervantesiaceae), with taxonomical considerations

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
MARCELO D. ARANA ◽  
MARÍA LUJÁN LUNA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
South American ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
South Eastern

The monotypic genus Jodina is endemic from central to south-eastern South America, where it grows from southern Bolivia and Brazil, Uruguay, to northern and central Argentina. The only species included in the genus is Jodina rhombifolia, a small hemiparasitic tree about 4–8 m high that is characteristic of the chacoan environments of the Neotropical region and Monte from the South American transition zone. As part of the floristic updates in the Neotropical and Andean regions of South America, the nomenclature of taxa related to Jodina rhombifolia was re-examined. Owing to the morphological and anatomical differences observed, and the well-delimited geographical distribution patterns that suggest the existence of two distinguishable subspecific entities, a new subspecies of Jodina rhombifolia is proposed here. Two lectotypes are designated and the nomenclature is clarified. An identification key, complete descriptions of the taxa and geographical distribution of the subspecies are also provided.

Kamiesbergia, a new monotypic genus of the Amaryllideae-Strumariinae (Amaryllidaceae) from the north-western Cape

Bothalia ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Snijman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
The North ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Andean South America ◽  
North Western

Kamiesbergia Snijman is a new monotypic genus from raised granite outcrops in the north-western Cape. A member of the subtribe Strumariinae of the Amaryllideae, it is most closely related to  Hessea Herb, and  Namaquanula D. U. Miiller-Doblies. The dissimilar inner and outer stamens, the uniquely club-shaped inner filaments and the novel insertion of the filament in the proximal quarter of the anther connective are the main apomorphies of the genus. The number of rare and monotypic genera of Amaryllidaceae in this region is comparable to that of Andean South America.

Studies on Raspy Crickets: A new Andean Hyperbaenini genus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Hyperbaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4969 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
OSCAR J. CADENA-CASTAÑEDA ◽  
ÍO ARAUJO-PEÑA ◽  
MILTON RUBIANO-GUZMAN ◽  
CARLOS JULIO ARANGO DÍAZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is the first Andean genus for the tribe Hyperbaenini, the other genera such as Hyperbaenus and Dibelona inhabit the low and humid lands of South America. The new genus is distinguished by the structure of the male terminalia and the apex of the labial and maxillary palps, which are unusually naked or without the cuticle, that covers the other body segments. Mikrohyperbaenus n. gen. is a monotypic genus, found in the surroundings of the Zapatoca municipality, Santander, Colombia, a territory inhabited in the past by the Guane indigenous people, for which the new species Mikrohyperbaenus guane n. gen. et n. sp. is dedicated to that particular Pre-columbian indigenous people. 

Cortical diversity in the Ramalinaceae

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bowler
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Variable Thickness ◽  
South American ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
External Layer ◽  
Palisade Layer ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Palisade Cell ◽  
Gelatinous Matrix ◽  
Mechanical Tissue

In Ramalina, Trichoramalina, and Fistularielia the cortex is two layered, composed of an external layer of variable thickness and an inner layer of periclinally arranged mechanical tissue. The outer layer is a reticulate network of branching cells in a gelatinous matrix which is very thin or absent in patches in some species. The inner layer may be a uniform chondroid sheath or a series of internal ribs, often extending into the medullary region, and is composed of more or less periclinal, longitudinally aligned hyphae. Dievernia and Ramalinopsis have a single tissued cortex which is derived from the external cortex of a Ramalina cortex with the mechanical tissue lacking. The lower cortex in Ramalinopsis is melanized and has occasional fascicles of mechanical tissue. Niebla species exhibit three intergrading cortical arrangements. The N. homalea group and other species with a bladelike morphology have a thick outer cortex with palisade cell lines and a subtending layer of supportive tissue. Most species have conspicuous chondroid strands in the medulla which are not attached to the cortex and may form from medullary hyphae. The N. ceruchis group, composed of terete plants, have a thin cortex of branching hyphae in a matrix with mechanical tissue either absent or sparsely present. Chondroid strands are usually poorly developed, and are only a few cells thick in the medulla. The saxicolous N. combeoides group, derived from the N. ceruchis line, have a thick mechanical layer and a variable palisade layer. Chondroid strands are very sparse or absent. Cenozosia, a monotypic genus endemic to South America, is anatomically similar to South American N. ceruchis. This hollow species has frequent chondroid strands which crisscross the lumen of the branches in some morphs.

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