Water Flooding Efficiency in a Low-Permeability Mixed-Wet to Oil-Wet Carbonate Reservoir; A Case Study from the Kharaib B Reservoir in the Al Shaheen Field, Offshore Qatar

To study the flow mechanism under different displacement modes of low permeability carbonate reservoir in the Middle East and to improve the utilization of various types of reservoirs, the physical simulation experiments of water flooding by different displacement methods were carried out. Selecting two types of rock samples with different permeability levels, two-layer coinjection and separated production experiments by samples I and III and conventional water flooding experiments by samples II and IV were carried out. In addition, by using low magnetic field nuclear magnetic resonance, the development effect of microscopic pore structure under the different injection-production models was analyzed. Results show that, compared with the coinjection, the recovery rate of sample I was higher than II, 19.30%; sample III was lower than IV, 23.22%; and the comprehensive recovery degree reduced by 3.92%. NMR data also show that the crude oil is mainly distributed in the large pore throat; after water flooding, the displacement is also within the large pore throat, whereas the small pore throat is mainly obtained by the effect of infiltration absorption. The above studies provide a laboratory basis and foundation for the further development of low permeability carbonate reservoir in different Middle East strata.

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Case Study: Effect of Different Unstable Water Injection Modes with Horizontal Row Well Pattern in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir of Middle East

Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering - Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2020 ◽

10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_291 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3105-3115

Author(s):

Yang Yang ◽

Yong Li ◽

Wen-qi Zhang ◽

Da-wang Liu ◽

Yi-hang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Water Injection ◽

Carbonate Reservoir ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Well Pattern ◽

Injection Modes

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Characterization of Rock and Fluid Properties for Low-Salinity Water Flooding of Highly Paraffinic Oil in a Deep Low-Permeability High-Pressure High-Temperature Offshore Carbonate Reservoir

Volume 11: Petroleum Technology ◽

10.1115/omae2020-18222 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

N. Singh ◽

P. H. Gopani ◽

H. K. Sarma ◽

P. S. Mattey ◽

D. S. Negi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Carbonate Reservoir ◽

Water Flooding ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Low Salinity Water ◽

Fluid Properties ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Paraffinic Oil

Abstract Characterization of the rock and fluids is an essential step in screening a reservoir for Low-Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF). A detailed characterization of rock and fluid properties using appropriate methods is being presented for LSWF in a low-permeability deep carbonate reservoir together with a critical analysis of findings. The techniques used are assessed against other possible alternative methods, with inferences drawn on advantages and disadvantages of each to better interpret and apply data so gathered. In so doing, discussions on their key features as to how they can be used effectively and efficiently to screen a reservoir for LSWF are also provided. Such integration of results with other available reservoir and production data should result in a comprehensive description of the target reservoir, and it will help interpret the mechanisms and process dynamics more reliably during a low-salinity waterflood. This integration should allow us not only to gain confidence on the experimental studies but could also help optimize the key parameters responsible for formulating a more robust, reliable and representative regime for tests relevant to the LSWF prior to its eventual implementation in the field. To authors’ knowledge, such integration of experimental studies has not yet been reported in the literature, particularly for the tight carbonate reservoirs with highly paraffinic oil.

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