Deformation Bands in Chalk and Their Impact on Fluid Flow - An Example from Pegwell Bay, Kent

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kaminskaite ◽  
Q.J. Fisher ◽  
C.A. Grattoni
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Deformation Bands

scholarly journals Structural control on fluid flow and shallow diagenesis: insights from calcite cementation along deformation bands in porous sandstones

Solid Earth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2169-2195
Author(s):  
Leonardo Del Sole ◽  
Marco Antonellini ◽  
Roger Soliva ◽  
Gregory Ballas ◽  
Fabrizio Balsamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Seismic Resolution ◽  
Porous Sandstone ◽  
Reservoir Compartmentalization ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Porous sandstones are important reservoirs for geofluids. Interaction therein between deformation and cementation during diagenesis is critical since both processes can strongly reduce rock porosity and permeability, deteriorating reservoir quality. Deformation bands and fault-related diagenetic bodies, here called “structural and diagenetic heterogeneities”, affect fluid flow at a range of scales and potentially lead to reservoir compartmentalization, influencing flow buffering and sealing during the production of geofluids. We present two field-based studies from Loiano (northern Apennines, Italy) and Bollène (Provence, France) that elucidate the structural control exerted by deformation bands on fluid flow and diagenesis recorded by calcite nodules associated with the bands. We relied on careful in situ observations through geo-photography, string mapping, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography integrated with optical, scanning electron and cathodoluminescence microscopy, and stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) analysis of nodules cement. In both case studies, one or more sets of deformation bands precede and control selective cement precipitation. Cement texture, cathodoluminescence patterns, and their isotopic composition suggest precipitation from meteoric fluids. In Loiano, deformation bands acted as low-permeability baffles to fluid flow and promoted selective cement precipitation. In Bollène, clusters of deformation bands restricted fluid flow and focused diagenesis to parallel-to-band compartments. Our work shows that deformation bands control flow patterns within a porous sandstone reservoir and this, in turn, affects how diagenetic heterogeneities are distributed within the porous rocks. This information is invaluable to assess the uncertainties in reservoir petrophysical properties, especially where structural and diagenetic heterogeneities are below seismic resolution.

scholarly journals Microstructure and fluid flow in rift border fault-bounded basins – insights from the Dombjerg Fault, NE Greenland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Salomon ◽  
Atle Rotevatn ◽  
Thomas Kristensen ◽  
Sten-Andreas Grundvåg ◽  
Gijs Henstra
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
Rock Alteration ◽  
Fluid Flow Regimes

In this contribution, we elucidate the interaction of structural deformation, fluid flow, and diagenesis in hanging wall siliciclastic deposits along rift basin-bounding faults, exemplified at the Dombjerg Fault in NE Greenland. Due to fault-controlled fluid circulation, fault-proximal syn-rift clastic deposits experienced pronounced calcite cementation and became lithified, whereas uncemented clastic deposits remained porous and friable. Correspondingly, two separate deformation regimes developed to accommodate continuous tectonic activity: discrete fractures formed in cemented deposits, and cataclastic deformation bands formed in uncemented deposits. We show that deformation bands act as partial baffles to fluid flow. This led to localized host rock alteration, which caused a chemical reduction of pore space along the bands. Where cemented, porosity was reduced towards zero and fracture formation created new pathways for fluid migration, which were subsequently filled with calcite. Occasionally, veins comprise multiple generations of microcrystalline calcite, which likely precipitated from an abruptly super-saturated fluid that was injected into the fracture. This suggests that cemented deposits sealed uncemented deposit bodies in which fluid overpressure was able to build up. We conclude that compartmentalized fluid flow regimes may form in rift fault-bounded basins, which has wide implications for assessments of potential carbon storage, hydrocarbon, groundwater, and geothermal sites.

The effect of deformation bands on simulated fluid flow within fault-propagation fold trap types: Lessons from the San Rafael monocline, Utah

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa F. Zuluaga ◽  
Atle Rotevatn ◽  
Eirik Keilegavlen ◽  
Haakon Fossen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Fault Propagation ◽  
Fault Propagation Fold ◽  
San Rafael

Chemical bleaching indicates episodes of fluid flow in deformation bands in sandstone

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Parry ◽  
Marjorie A. Chan ◽  
Brenda Beitler
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Deformation Bands

scholarly journals Subcore Scale Fluid Flow Behavior in a Sandstone With Cataclastic Deformation Bands

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R. Romano ◽  
Christopher Zahasky ◽  
Charlotte Garing ◽  
James M. Minto ◽  
Sally M. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Deformation Bands

Deformation bands and their influence on fluid flow

AAPG Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1685-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Fossen ◽  
Arthur Bale
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Deformation Bands

Tectonic evolution of the seismically active western continental margin of the Indian plate: Implications for kinematic history and fluid flow

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamedharoon Shaikh ◽  
Deepak Maurya ◽  
Mukherjee Soumyajit ◽  
Naimisha Vanik ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deformation Band ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Deformation History ◽  
Kachchh Basin

<p>The deformation history along the E-W trending Kachchh rift basin at the western continental margin of the Indian plate located in the state of Gujarat, India, has been controlled by activation of NW-SE, NE-SW and E-W trending, 0.25–50 km long oblique-slip and dip-slip faults.</p><p>The study is an attempt to establish the kinematic framework along sub-parallel, NW-SE striking group of intra-uplift, striated, high-angle reverse faults, consisting of, Vigodi Fault (VF) and its bifurcation – West Vigodi Fault (WVF), Gugriana Fault (GUF) and its bifurcation – Khirasra fault (KHIF) from the western part of the Kachchh basin in the northern part of Gujarat state in western India. They meet the E-W trending master faults – the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF) to the north and the Katrol Hill Fault (KHF) to the south at an acute angle.</p><p>Fault-slip data consisting of fault plane and slickenside attitudes along with other kinematic indicators were recorded along the faults at 69 structural stations. A total of 1258 fault-slip data were used to carry out paleostress analysis using Win-Tensor (v.5.8.8) and T-Tecto Studio X5 by executing the Right Dihedral Method.</p><p>The NW-SE trending fault system exposes highly porous and permeable deformed sandstones belonging to the Jhuran and Bhuj Formation. The pure compaction bands, cataclastic deformation band clusters, slipped deformation bands and deformation band faults are documented. These tabular structures are densely populated in the fault damage zones of VF, WVF, GUF and KHIF. The field observations related to fluid flow conduits are discussed. We also present the field characteristics and petrographic evidences of chemical bleaching caused by fluid-rock interaction found in the Bhuj and the Jhuran sandstones. The change in the coloration pattern of deformation bands in comparison with the host rock color, presence of iron concretions, iron rinds and liesegang rings are important records of the diagenetic control over the fluid flow. The study is an attempt to the link the tectonic activity and simultaneous chemical reactions that affect the fluid flow transport.</p><p>We attribute the deformation history in the western continental margin of the Indian plate has been dominantly controlled by intraplate compressional stresses induced by anticlockwise rotation and collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate at ~55 Ma. This correlates well with the Kachchh basin where rifting aborted during the Late Cretaceous, accommodated syn-rifting extensional component in the intra-uplift VF, GUF and KHIF. It has then undergone inversion phase due to onset of compressive stresses during the Post-Deccan Trap time up to the present. The NW-SE trending intra-uplift faults reactivated multiple times and generated deformation bands having high porosity contrast with the host Bhuj sandstone.</p>

3D MODELLING AND FLUID FLOW SIMULATION WITHIN DEFORMATION BANDS IN CARBONATE GRAINSTONES

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Tondi ◽  
◽  
Miller Zambrano ◽  
Miller Zambrano ◽  
Lucia Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Deformation Bands
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