Cold Thermal Energy Storage

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-123
Author(s):  
Franc Franc Kosi ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Mirko S. Komatina ◽  
Dragi Antonijevic ◽  
Mohamed Abdul Galil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Calculated Load ◽  
Operating Strategies

The chapter gives an overview of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) technologies. Benefits as well as classification and operating strategies of CTES are discussed. Design consideration and sizing strategies based on calculated load profile for design day is presented. Some recommendation concerning designing of CTES equipment are given. Special attention was paid to the analysis of specific features of heat transfer phenomena in ice storage tank including the assessment of the duration and the rate of ice formation and melting. The methodology of sizing components of the ice thermal storage system included in an air conditioning system for an office building situated in hot wet and dry climate are presented. Based on hourly cooling load calculation that was carried out using Carrier's Hourly Analysis Program, sizing of ice thermal storage system for different operating strategies included full, chiller priority and ice priority storage operation for the design day are presented. Finally, an analysis of some operational characteristics of the system are analyzed.

Cold Thermal Energy Storage

2015 ◽  
pp. 752-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franc Franc Kosi ◽  
Branislav Zivkovic ◽  
Mirko S. Komatina ◽  
Dragi Antonijevic ◽  
Mohamed Abdul Galil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Calculated Load ◽  
Operating Strategies

The chapter gives an overview of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) technologies. Benefits as well as classification and operating strategies of CTES are discussed. Design consideration and sizing strategies based on calculated load profile for design day is presented. Some recommendation concernig designing of CTES equipment are given. Special attention was paid to the analysis of specific features of heat transfer phenomena in ice storage tank including the assessment of the duration and the rate of ice formation and melting. The methodology of sizing components of the ice thermal storage system included in an air conditioning system for a office building situated in hot wet and dry climate are presented. Based on hourly cooling load calculation that was carried out using Carrier's Hourly Analysis Program, sizing of ice thermal storage system for different operating strategies included full, chiller priority and ice priority storage operation for the design day are presented. Finally, an analysis of some operational characteristics of the system are analyzed.

Effect of Natural Convection on Thermal Energy Storage in Supercritical Fluids

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Adrienne S. Lavine ◽  
H. Pirouz Kavehpour ◽  
Gani B. Ganapathi ◽  
Richard E. Wirz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage

Heat transfer to the storage fluid is a critical subject in thermal energy storage systems. The storage fluids that are proposed for supercritical thermal storage system are organic fluids that have poor thermal conductivity; therefore, pure conduction will not be an efficient heat transfer mechanism for the system. The current study concerns a supercritical thermal energy storage system consisting of horizontal tubes filled with a supercritical fluid. The results of this study show that the heat transfer to the supercritical fluid is highly dominated by natural convection. The buoyancy-driven flow inside the storage tubes dominates the flow field and enhances the heat transfer dramatically. Depending on the diameter of the storage tube, the buoyancy-driven flow may be laminar or turbulent. The natural convection has a significant effect on reducing the charge time compared to pure conduction. It was concluded that although the thermal conductivity of the organic supercritical fluids are relatively low, the effective laminar or turbulent natural convection compensates for this deficiency and enables the supercritical thermal storage to charge effectively.

Experimental Study of Thermal Energy Storage Using Natural Porous Media

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Al Edhari ◽  
C. C. Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Storage Media

Thermal energy storage has been an area of research interest due to the need to store solar energy or excess energy for later use in many applications including district heating. The focus of a lot of research is on exotic and expensive storage media. This paper presents an experimental study of thermal energy storage using porous media readily available and commonly found in nature such as sand, soil, pebble rocks and gravel. This study also considers a simple and inexpensive thermal storage system which could be constructed easily and examines what could be done to increase the thermal storage performance. The thermal storage system examined in the present study was a thermal energy storage unit with embedded horizontal pipes carrying water as the heat transfer fluid for thermal charging. Different thermal storage configurations were examined by adjusting the thermal charging temperature and using different storage media. The temperature distribution within the storage media was monitored for 10 hours using a data acquisition system with K-type thermocouples. The results indicate that a thermal storage system using sand as storage media is slightly better compared with gravel or pebble rocks as storage media.

scholarly journals Application of Borehole Thermal Energy Storage in Waste Heat Recovery from Diesel Generators in Remote Cold Climate Locations

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ghoreishi-Madiseh ◽  
Ali Fahrettin Kuyuk ◽  
Marco Rodrigues de Brito ◽  
Durjoy Baidya ◽  
Zahra Torabigoodarzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Diesel Generators

Remote communities that have limited or no access to the power grid commonly employ diesel generators for communal electricity provision. Nearly 65% of the overall thermal energy input of diesel generators is wasted through exhaust and other mechanical components such as water-jackets, intercoolers, aftercoolers, and friction. If recovered, this waste heat could help address the energy demands of such communities. A viable solution would be to recover this heat and use it for direct heating applications, as conversion to mechanical power comes with significant efficiency losses. Despite a few examples of waste heat recovery from water-jackets during winter, this valuable thermal energy is often discarded into the atmosphere during the summer season. However, seasonal thermal energy storage techniques can mitigate this issue with reliable performance. Storing the recovered heat from diesel generators during low heat demand periods and reusing it when the demand peaks can be a promising alternative. At this point, seasonal thermal storage in shallow geothermal reserves can be an economically feasible method. This paper proposes the novel concept of coupling the heat recovery unit of diesel generators to a borehole seasonal thermal storage system to store discarded heat during summer and provide upgraded heat when required during the winter season on a cold, remote Canadian community. The performance of the proposed ground-coupled thermal storage system is investigated by developing a Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer model.

scholarly journals Advancements in Thermal Energy Storage System by Applications of Nanofluid Based Solar Collector: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-340
Author(s):  
Vednath P. Kalbande ◽  
Pramod V. Walke ◽  
C. V. M. Kriplani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System

AbstractIn the recent years, a lot of research has been carried out in the field of nanofluid based solar collector, leading towards the enhancement of working efficiency even at low atmospheric temperature or at low sunlight levels regions of the world. The present review pertains to the research progress related to the performance execution of solar collector using nanofluid. It is observed that the thermal energy storage system (TES), using solar collector, is a useful device for storing sensible and latent heat in a unit volume. Nanofluid plays an important role in various thermal applications such as heat exchanger, solar power generation, automotive industries, electronic cooling system, etc. The nanoparticles find the use in various industrial applications because of its properties, such as thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical. Most of the investigations carried out earlier on the applications of nanofluid in solar energy are related to their uses in the solar collector and thermal storage system. The parabolic solar collector using nanofluid is still a challenge. This article presents an exhaustive review of thermal storage system using nanofluid based solar collector and a scope of using nanofluid based solar collector for performance enhancement.

Fluid Charge and Discharge Strategies of Dual-Media Thermal Storage Systems in the Starting-Up Process of Daily Cyclic Operations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Xu ◽  
Peiwen Li ◽  
Cholik Chan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System

Because of the capability of large capacity thermal storage and extended operation during night and cloudy days, concentrated solar thermal power generation is getting more and more attention in the recent years. Dual-media thermal energy storage system is typically adopted in industry for reducing the use of the heat transfer fluid, which is usually expensive. In such a dual-media system, the solid filler material can be a phase change material relying on latent heat or a regular solid material using sensible heat for energy storage. Two strategies of starting-up fluid charge and discharge are considered for the operation of a concentrated solar thermal power plant incorporated with a dual-media thermal storage system. These two strategies include: 1) starting daily cyclic charge and discharge operation with an initially cold tank; 2) to fully charge the thermal storage system before operation of the cyclic discharge/charge for the power plant. The energy storage efficiency and the effects to the power plant operation due to the application of these two strategies are studied in the current work based on an enthalpy-based 1-D model, and significant difference is found in starting-up process of the daily cyclic operations, which will help us decide the best strategy of operating a thermal energy storage system with more electrical energy output.

Heat Transfer Behavior of Sulfur for Thermal Storage Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Nithyanandam ◽  
Amey Barde ◽  
Louis Tse ◽  
Reza Baghaei Lakeh ◽  
Richard Wirz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System ◽  
Transfer Behavior

Efficient and cost-effective thermal energy storage system plays an important role in energy conservation. Elemental sulfur, the thirteenth most abundant element on earth, is actively being researched as a potential thermal storage medium due to its high energy storage density and low cost. The present work investigates the heat transfer behavior of elemental sulfur at temperatures between 50 degree Celsius and 250 degree Celsius. A shell and tube heat exchanger configuration with sulfur stored inside the tubes and heat transfer fluid flowing over the tubes through the shell is considered. A detailed computational model solving for the conjugate heat transfer and solid-liquid phase change dynamics of the sulfur based thermal energy storage system is developed to elucidate the complex interplay between the governing heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena during charge and discharge operations. The developed numerical model is compared with experimental results and a systematic parametric analysis of the effects of various design parameters on the performance of the thermal storage system is reported.

General Performance Metrics and Applications to Evaluate Various Thermal Energy Storage Technologies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwen Ma ◽  
Greg C. Glatzmaier ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Ty Neises
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Integral Approach

The solution proposed in this paper presents a new modeling approach that integrates a generalized thermal storage performance model into a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant. The overall performance, including round trip efficiency, for a thermal energy storage system is highly dependent on the operating parameters and operation strategy of the complete power plant. Previous methods used for analysis of thermal storage have followed one of two approaches: The first requires time-intensive customized detailed performance models of the thermal storage system and the power cycle to account for the effects of charging and discharging storage on conversion efficiency and heat transfer fluid (HTF) return temperature to the solar field. The second method uses a simple energy balance with “derate” factors that do not accurately predict the effects of storage on other plant components. In this paper, we develop a generalized method based on efficiency metrics and discuss the application in TES sizing and performance evaluation for an early concept study. The method is an integral approach and complements the detailed models that simulate yearly operation of a CSP plant.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Hailu ◽  
Philip Hayes ◽  
Mark Masteller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System ◽  
The Cost

We present more than one-year of monitoring results from a thermal energy storage system located in a very cold place with a long winter season. The studied house is in Palmer city, Alaska (~62° N, ~149° W). The house is equipped with solar PV for electricity production and solar thermal collectors which were linked to a sensible thermal energy storage system which is underneath the house’s normally unoccupied garage and storage space. Sensors were installed in the thermal storage and solar thermal collector array to monitor system temperatures. In addition, TRNSYS was used for numerical simulation and the results were compared to experimental ones. The maximum observed garage ambient temperature was ~28 °C while the simulated maximum ambient garage temperature was found to be ~22 °C. Results indicate that seasonal solar thermal storages are viable options for reducing the cost of energy in a region with extended freezing periods. This is significant for Alaska where the cost of energy is 3–5 times the national average.

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