Nanotechnology in Engineered Membranes

2017 ◽  
pp. 802-824
Author(s):  
Heechul Choi ◽  
Moon Son ◽  
Jiyeol Bae ◽  
Hyeon-gyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Simple Application ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Membrane Science ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Global Water

The membrane processes have received extensive attention as comprehensive and interdisciplinary approaches for water-energy nexus. Nanotechnology has induced significant attention in improving membrane performances to mitigate global water and energy scarcity because of its unique characteristics and simple application for membrane fabrication. Nano-sized materials could provide highly enhanced characteristics to a membrane material, resulting in excellent performance enhancement, such as permeability, selectivity, and fouling resistance, of membrane. Carbon Nanotube (CNT), a widely utilized or studied nanomaterial in membrane science, is discussed in this chapter with a focus on its state-of-the-art applications and future prospects. Electrospun nanofiber, which is one of the feasible nano-structured membrane materials, is also discussed as a promising material for water-energy nexus. Therefore, this chapter also describes its application cases and its potential as an innovative membrane for water-energy nexus.

Nanotechnology in Engineered Membranes

2016 ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Heechul Choi ◽  
Moon Son ◽  
Jiyeol Bae ◽  
Hyeon-gyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Simple Application ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Membrane Science ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Global Water

The membrane processes have received extensive attention as comprehensive and interdisciplinary approaches for water-energy nexus. Nanotechnology has induced significant attention in improving membrane performances to mitigate global water and energy scarcity because of its unique characteristics and simple application for membrane fabrication. Nano-sized materials could provide highly enhanced characteristics to a membrane material, resulting in excellent performance enhancement, such as permeability, selectivity, and fouling resistance, of membrane. Carbon Nanotube (CNT), a widely utilized or studied nanomaterial in membrane science, is discussed in this chapter with a focus on its state-of-the-art applications and future prospects. Electrospun nanofiber, which is one of the feasible nano-structured membrane materials, is also discussed as a promising material for water-energy nexus. Therefore, this chapter also describes its application cases and its potential as an innovative membrane for water-energy nexus.

scholarly journals Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Enables Highly Efficient Low Temperature Desalination by Directional Solvent Extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaji Guo ◽  
Zachary D. Tucker ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Brandon L. Ashfeld ◽  
Tengfei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Directed Synthesis ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
Task Specific Ionic Liquid ◽  
Global Water

Seawater desalination plays a critical role in addressing the global water shortage challenge, and directional solvent extraction (DSE) is an emerging desalination technology to address this challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that through a combination of target-directed synthesis and computational simulations, task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) may significantly advance current DSE technology by improving the energy efficiency toward impacting the global water-energy nexus.

scholarly journals Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Enables Highly Efficient Low Temperature Desalination by Directional Solvent Extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaji Guo ◽  
Zachary D. Tucker ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Brandon L. Ashfeld ◽  
Tengfei Luo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Directed Synthesis ◽  
Desalination Technology ◽  
Task Specific Ionic Liquid ◽  
Global Water

Seawater desalination plays a critical role in addressing the global water shortage challenge, and directional solvent extraction (DSE) is an emerging desalination technology to address this challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that through a combination of target-directed synthesis and computational simulations, task-specific ionic liquids (ILs) may significantly advance current DSE technology by improving the energy efficiency toward impacting the global water-energy nexus.

scholarly journals The water-food-energy-land nexus: Hotspots and scenario-dependency of competition for water between energy, food and nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotte de Vos ◽  
Hester Biemans ◽  
Jonathan Doelman ◽  
Elke Stehfest
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Global Water

<p>Freshwater is a shared resource needed both for food and energy production, and to sustain  ecosystems worldwide. Freshwater ecosystems are already experiencing biodiversity declines that are higher than in most terrestrial systems. With climate change and an expected increase in global population and income, the trade-offs between societal demand and nature become even more stringent. Insight in how these developments might impact future water use helps to identify strategies to ensure a healthy environment while still meeting global water demands. </p><p>This study evaluates competition for water within the food-water-energy nexus, while explicitly accounting for the amount of water required by nature. It does so by implementation of Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs), which are in this case defined as the quantity and timing  of  water  flows  required  to  sustain  freshwater  and  estuarine ecosystems. Simulations are performed with the integrated assessment model framework IMAGE, which includes the global vegetation and hydrology model LPJmL.  This framework combines regional agro-economic, energy and climate policy modelling with land-use, dynamic vegetation and hydrological modelling. </p><p>Different pathways of socio-economic developments (Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs)) are evaluated up until the year 2100, including a climate change mitigation scenario aiming for the long-term mitigation target of 2 °C. Earlier studies for SSP-1, SSP-2 and SSP-3 have already shown that while global water withdrawals are expected to increase for all cases, the demands for SSP-3 are generally higher than the demands for SSP-1. This study adds to this by showing how water demands affect environmental flows, or vice versa. The results present an overview of hotspots where future water demand for food, energy and nature might still compete, and where the effects are ameliorated if the world will develop towards a more sustainable path. Additionally, the results present how irrigation efficiency improvements and climate change mitigation measures can help alleviate the pressure in the food-water-energy nexus, although the latter depends on the choice of mitigation pathway. </p>

A review of water–energy nexus trend, methods, challenges and future prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fayiah ◽  
ShiKui Dong ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
E. A. Kwaku
Keyword(s):  
Future Prospects ◽  
Water Energy Nexus

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Reverse Osmosis (RO) Science and Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Ismail ◽  
K. C. Khulbe ◽  
T. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Membrane Characterization ◽  
Remarkable Progress

While writing a book on reverse osmosis, it was realized that there had been remarkable progress in recent years in reverse osmosis science and technology. This is a brief summary in which many aspects of RO are discussed, including membrane material and membrane fabrication, membrane characterization, membrane transport, RO module, RO system design, economics, membrane fouling, RO applications and RO/NF membranes for nonaqueous system. 

scholarly journals Toward greener membranes with 3D printing technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 200027-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numan Yanar ◽  
Moon Son ◽  
Hosik Park ◽  
Heechul Choi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
In Situ Fabrication ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Membrane Science ◽  
Reduction Cost

3D printing has recently influenced membrane science. As a green alternative to current membrane fabrication methods, 3D printing prevents the mixing of highly toxic chemicals into water through its sustainable production. Furthermore, the risk of exposure to these toxic materials and of mechanical accidents during the fabrication is also attenuated. This type of in-situ fabrication eliminates logistic-based problems caused by transportation and packaging. Eliminating packaging and reducing transportation and precision-based waste also reduces CO2 emissions. The advantages of 3D-printed membranes are correlated with each other and promote a greener environment. In this article, we collect their contributions under the sub-titles of sustainability, risk reduction, cost-effectiveness, precision and mobility.

Bimolecular and Monomolecular Lipid Films: Selected Area Electron Diffraction

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
Robert M. Glaeser ◽  
David W. Deamer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Structure ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Lipid Films ◽  
Ultimate Objective

In the investigation of the molecular organization of cell membranes it is often supposed that lipid molecules are arranged in a bimolecular film. X-ray diffraction data obtained in a direction perpendicular to the plane of suitably layered membrane systems have generally been interpreted in accord with such a model of the membrane structure. The present studies were begun in order to determine whether selected area electron diffraction would provide a tool of sufficient sensitivity to permit investigation of the degree of intermolecular order within lipid films. The ultimate objective would then be to apply the method to single fragments of cell membrane material in order to obtain data complementary to the transverse data obtainable by x-ray diffraction.

Ultrastructural and chemical evidences of heterogeneity and hormone dependence of certain glycocalyces

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
B. Monis ◽  
D. Lis ◽  
I. Parlanti ◽  
A. R. Eynard ◽  
M. A. Valentich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Transitional Epithelium ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Hormone Dependence ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Collecting Tubules

We are gathering evidences which indicate ultrastructural variations and chemical heterogeneity of certain glycocalyces as well as hormone dependence of some of them. Thus, in the lumenal glycocalyx of renal collecting tubules of the guinea-pig granular and filamentous structures were seen (1, fig. 1). By isolation, chemical analysis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis in various buffers of tubular membrane material, glycopeptides and glycosaminoglycans were identified (fig. 2).Guinea-pig and rat transitional epithelium of urinary tract showed a filamentous lumenal glycocalyx demonstrable with ruthenium red (fig. 3) but which only in part stained with concanavalin A. Chemical and electrophoretic data indicated that urothelium contains glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids.The glycocalyx of the fat globule membrane of milk of several species has a granular appearance as shown by cationic dyes and by concanavalin A (2, 3, fig. 4 and 5). Also, several glycoproteins were isolated and identified on polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (fig. 6). Glycosaminoglycans and certain glycolipids such as sulfatides were chemically identified in this glycocalyx.

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