The Strata of Subcultural Translation

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Kharmandar
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Translation Studies

This study proposes a new understanding of cultural evolution through translations embedded in subcultures. The underlying argument is that translation does not evenly and equally affect all social strata in a given culture, but there are selective (inclusive and exclusive) mechanisms that diversify a culture into several usually competing sub-groups. Evolution through translation takes place in parallel and very different sub-streams as subcultures. To make this understanding possible, however, some taken-for-granted notions should be revisited in translation studies (TS) and some gaps should be filled before subcultural translation can be framed. This study proposes an analytic whole in which a momentum of change in history leads to a reacquisition of disposition in cultural subjects, ultimately shaping a form of capital realized as semiotic/lingual translation. To explain this process, Foucault's historical discontinuity, Ricoeur's narrative identity, and Bourdieu's capital are incorporated.

The View from Memetics

PARADIGMI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Andrew Chesterman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cultural Transfer

- This essay proposes a memetic view of translation, as an alternative and perhaps more fruitful way of conceptualizing the issues involved. After a brief introduction to memetics as a theory of cultural transfer, we outline its relation to genetics and then consider its relevance for Translation Studies. Particular attention is given to a recent article by Maria Tymoczko which challenges some of the traditional assumptions of Translation Studies. Can memetics offer a way to meet these challenges? The essay closes with an assessment of some of the criticisms that have been directed against memetics.Keywords: Meme, Imitation, Cultural evolution, Transfer, Modification, Translation.Parole chiave: Meme, Imitazione, Evoluzione culturale, Trasmissione, Modificazione, Traduzione.

Cultural Evolution and Cultural Translation

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Ge Song
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Chinese Overseas

In the early 20th century, Chinese communities in the then-Malay and Singapore began to take shape. The sudden shift of living conditions, especially the sociopolitical atmosphere, uprooted these migrated Chinese who had to adapt to new cultural realities of their host lands. This article argues for the cultural dimensions of Chinese overseas, particularly those in Malaysia and Singapore, as an object of translation studies, since these Chinese overseas have already shown a uniquely evolved culture that is different from that in China. Linguistic displacement in the same language is a reflection of cultural discrepancy resulted from cultural evolution, and cultural divergence innately calls for the intervention of cultural translation. This paper is expected to garner fruitful insights into the cultural translation between two geographically and culturally different Chinese communities.

Social transmission bias and the cultural evolution of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirshleifer ◽  
Siew Hong Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Transmission ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Over Time

AbstractEvolved dispositions influence, but do not determine, how people think about economic problems. The evolutionary cognitive approach offers important insights but underweights the social transmission of ideas as a level of explanation. The need for asocialexplanation for the evolution of economic attitudes is evidenced, for example, by immense variations in folk-economic beliefs over time and across individuals.

Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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