scholarly journals Rule Markup Languages and Semantic Web Rule Languages

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Paschke ◽  
Harold Boley
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Abstract Syntax ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
The Web

Rule markup languages will be the vehicle for using rules on the Web and in other distributed systems. They allow publishing, deploying, executing and communicating rules in a network. They may also play the role of a lingua franca for exchanging rules between different systems and tools. In a narrow sense, a rule markup language is a concrete (XML-based) rule syntax for the Web. In a broader sense, it should have an abstract syntax as a common basis for defining various concrete languages addressing different consumers. The main purposes of a rule markup language are to permit the publication, interchange and reuse of rules. This chapter introduces important requirements and design issues for general Web rule languages to fulfill these tasks. Characteristics of several important general standardization or standards-proposing efforts for (XML-based) rule markup languages including W3C RIF, RuleML, R2ML, SWRL as well as (human-readable) Semantic Web rule languages such as TRIPLE, N3, Jena, and Prova are discussed with respect to these identified issues.

scholarly journals Rule Markup Languages and Semantic Web Rule Languages

2011 ◽  
pp. 623-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Paschke ◽  
Harold Boley
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Abstract Syntax ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
The Web

Rule markup languages will be the vehicle for using rules on the Web and in other distributed systems. They allow publishing, deploying, executing and communicating rules in a network. They may also play the role of a lingua franca for exchanging rules between different systems and tools. In a narrow sense, a rule markup language is a concrete (XMLbased) rule syntax for the Web. In a broader sense, it should have an abstract syntax as a common basis for defining various concrete languages addressing different consumers. The main purposes of a rule markup language are to permit the publication, interchange and reuse of rules. This chapter introduces important requirements and design issues for general Web rule languages to fulfill these tasks. Characteristics of several important general standardization or standards-proposing efforts for (XML-based) rule markup languages including W3C RIF, RuleML, R2ML, SWRL as well as (human-readable) Semantic Web rule languages such as TRIPLE, N3, Jena, and Prova are discussed with respect to these identified issues.

Modular Rule-Based Promgramming in 2APL

2010 ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhi Dastani
Keyword(s):  
Markup Language ◽  
Abstract Syntax ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
The Web

Rule markup languages will be the vehicle for using rules on the Web and in other distributed systems. They allow publishing, deploying, executing and communicating rules in a network. They may also play the role of a lingua franca for exchanging rules between different systems and tools. In a narrow sense, a rule markup language is a concrete (XML-based) rule syntax for the Web. In a broader sense, it should have an abstract syntax as a common basis for defining various concrete languages addressing different consumers. The main purposes of a rule markup language are to permit the publication, interchange and reuse of rules. This chapter introduces important requirements and design issues for general Web rule languages to fulfill these tasks. Characteristics of several important general standardization or standards-proposing efforts for (XML-based) rule markup languages including W3C RIF, RuleML, R2ML, SWRL as well as (human-readable) Semantic Web rule languages such as TRIPLE, N3, Jena, and Prova are discussed with respect to these identified issues.

OWL

2011 ◽  
pp. 3009-3017
Author(s):  
Adélia Gouveia ◽  
Jorge Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
The Web

The World Wide Web (WWW) emerged in 1989, developed by Tim Berners-Lee who proposed to build a system for sharing information among physicists of the CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire), the world’s largest particle physics laboratory. Currently, the WWW is primarily composed of documents written in HTML (hyper text markup language), a language that is useful for visual presentation (Cardoso & Sheth, 2005). HTML is a set of “markup” symbols contained in a Web page intended for display on a Web browser. Most of the information on the Web is designed only for human consumption. Humans can read Web pages and understand them, but their inherent meaning is not shown in a way that allows their interpretation by computers (Cardoso & Sheth, 2006). Since the visual Web does not allow computers to understand the meaning of Web pages (Cardoso, 2007), the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) started to work on a concept of the Semantic Web with the objective of developing approaches and solutions for data integration and interoperability purpose. The goal was to develop ways to allow computers to understand Web information. The aim of this chapter is to present the Web ontology language (OWL) which can be used to develop Semantic Web applications that understand information and data on the Web. This language was proposed by the W3C and was designed for publishing, sharing data and automating data understood by computers using ontologies. To fully comprehend OWL we need first to study its origin and the basic blocks of the language. Therefore, we will start by briefly introducing XML (extensible markup language), RDF (resource description framework), and RDF Schema (RDFS). These concepts are important since OWL is written in XML and is an extension of RDF and RDFS.

Web Ontology Languages

2011 ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Ontology Languages ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
The Web ◽  
Open Issues

Web ontology languages will be the main carriers of the information that we will want to share and integrate. The aim of this chapter is to give a general introduction to some of the ontology languages that play a prominent role on the Semantic Web. In particular, it will explain the role of ontologies on the Web and in ICT, review the current standards of RDFS and OWL, and discuss open issues for further developments.

The Role of Mereotopology and SWRL Rules to Represent Joint Topology Information for Design Collaboration

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Hyungjeong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Joint Design ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Rule Languages ◽  
Topology Information ◽  
Conversion Rules

This paper discusses the role of mereotopology and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) to represent joint topology. Within the physical structure of engineered products, joints are inevitable because of the limitations of component geometries and the required engineering properties. While joints themselves may have similar geometrical configurations, the physical implications of the selected joining processes vary significantly. Mereotopology provides a formal region-based theory for parts and associated concepts. The mereotopologically defined joints topologies are implemented in SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Languages) to overcome the lack of universality of semantic definitions. The paper also presents the conversion rules to translate the mereotopological joint definitions to SWRL rules. These rules can be reasoned for software agents to understand the different joint topologies. This contribution is illustrated by using a real fixture assembly. Also, the remaining challenges to realize a semantic assembly joint design environment are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals The Accessibility of Mathematical Notation on the Web and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jason J.G. White ◽  
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
User Interface Design ◽  
Assistive Technologies ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Mathematical Notation ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
The Web

This paper serves two purposes. First, it offers an overview of the role of the Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) in representing mathematical notation on the Web, and its significance for accessibility. To orient the discussion, hypotheses are advanced regarding users’ needs in connection with the accessibility of mathematical notation. Second, current developments in the evolution of MathML are reviewed, noting their consequences for accessibility, and commenting on prospects for future improvement in the concrete experiences of users of assistive technologies. Recommendations are advanced for further research and development activities, emphasizing the cognitive aspects of user interface design.

Querying the Web Reconsidered

2011 ◽  
pp. 190-212
Author(s):  
François Bry ◽  
Christoph Koch ◽  
Tim Furche ◽  
Sebastian Schaffert ◽  
Liviu Badea
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Query By Example ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Web

A decade of experience with research proposals as well as standardized query languages for the conventional Web and the recent emergence of query languages for the Semantic Web call for a reconsideration of design principles for Web and Semantic Web query languages. This chapter first argues that a new generation of versatile Web query languages is needed for solving the challenges posed by the changing Web: We call versatile those query languages able to cope with both Weband Semantic Web data expressed in any (Web or Semantic Web) markup language. This chapter further suggests that well-known referential transparency and novel answer-closedness are essential features of versatile query languages. Indeed, they allow queries to be considered like forms and answers like form-fillings in the spirit of the query-by-example paradigm. This chapter finally suggests that the decentralized and heterogeneous nature of the Web requires incomplete data specifications (or incomplete queries) and incomplete data selections (or incomplete answers); the form-like query can be specified without precise knowledge of the queried data, and answers can be restricted to contain only an excerpt of the queried data.

scholarly journals XML and Semantics

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradi ◽  
MohammadReza Keyvanpour
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The State ◽  
Extensible Markup Language ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Xml Documents ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
The Web

Since the early days of introducing eXtensible Markup Language (XML), owing to its expressive capabilities and flexibilities, it became the defacto standard for representing, storing, and interchanging data on the Web. Such features have made XML one of the building blocks of the Semantic Web. From another viewpoint, since XML documents could be considered from content, structural, and semantic aspects, leveraging their semantics is very useful and applicable in different domains. However, XML does not by itself introduce any built-in mechanisms for governing semantics. For this reason, many studies have been conducted on the representation of semantics within/from XML documents. This paper studies and discusses different aspects of the mentioned topic in the form of an overview with an emphasis on the state of semantics in XML and its presentation methods.

scholarly journals Specifying Hyperdocuments with Algebraic Methods

10.29007/3bwg ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Mattick
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Algebraic Methods ◽  
Algebraic Specification ◽  
Free Term ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Markup Language ◽  
Abstract Syntax ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
Compiler Construction ◽  
Graphical Presentation

Algebraic specification methods, well-known in the area of programming languages, are adapted to present a tailored framework for hyperdocuments and hyperdocument systems. In this framework, a hyperdocument is defined via its abstract syntax, which is a variable-free term of a suitable constructor-based signature. Both the representation in a markup language and the graphical presentation on the screen as well as further representations are elements of particular algebraic interpretations of the same signature. This technique allows the application of well-known methods from the field of compiler construction to the development of hyperdocument systems. Ideas for its implementation in the functional language Haskell are roughly drafted. It is shown how XML-based markup languages with schemas and stylesheets can be defined in terms of this framework and how this framework can be extended so that it can deal with partially specified documents, called semi documents. These semi documents can be automatically adapted to the users' needs, which e.g. is helpful to ensure accessibility.

scholarly journals A Call for Scholarly Markdown

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fenner
Keyword(s):  
Markup Language ◽  
Markup Languages ◽  
The Web

Markdown is a lightweight markup language, originally created by John Gruber for writing content for the web. Other popular lightweight markup languages are Textile and Mediawiki. Whereas Mediawiki markup is of course popular thanks to the ubiquitous Wikipedia, ...

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