Hybrid Heuristics for the Territory Alignment Problem

2011 ◽  
pp. 258-293
Author(s):  
Jorge Freire de Sousa ◽  
José A. Barros-Basto ◽  
Paulo Lima Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aid ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Hybrid Heuristics ◽  
Alignment Problem ◽  
A Current

This chapter also illustrates the potential of the proposed approach as a practical and readily implementable management decision aid in the context of a current case that involved the maintenance team of a Portuguese regional office of a worldwide equipment company.

Investigating Usability of an Innovation Management Decision Aid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Gendreau ◽  
Joshua D. Summers ◽  
Lamiae Benhayoun-Sadafiyine ◽  
Marie-Anne Le Dain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Aid ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Innovation Network ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Subjective Importance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Initial usability testing was used to identify and fix usability concerns within a recently developed absorptive capacity assessment tool. The tool was designed to aid innovation management decision making by helping firms understand their processing of external knowledge within the context of a collaborative innovation network. Part of the recent development of the tool involved the implementation of Simos-Roy-Figueira’s revised method for eliciting subjective importance weights. However, the method, as it was applied within the tool, suffered from poor usability that could not be fully addressed. This paper presents a study on the usability of the tool further by conducting additional think-aloud studies to better understand its nature. Five common attributes of usability (efficiency, effectiveness, satisfaction, learnability, and usefulness) were characterized based on the findings from the think-aloud studies in order to develop a list of recommendations for improving usability. The goal of these recommendations is to help future academic developers of decision aid tools to better consider usability in their own work to maximize the impact and dissemination of their research.

The Role of Analogies in Crisis Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Patrick Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Optimal Decision Making ◽  
Heuristic Devices ◽  
A Current

Analogical reasoning is a mode of thinking in which a current situation, person, or event is compared with something encountered in the past that appears “similar” to the analogizer. The 2020 Coronavirus crisis was often compared with the 1918 flu epidemic, for instance. In addition to reasoning across time, we can also reason across space, comparing a current case with something that has been encountered within a different geographical space. Sticking with the Coronavirus example, the management of the disease in one country was often compared with that in another, with favorable or unfavorable lessons being drawn. Analogical reasoning plays a major role in crisis decision-making, in large part because decisions made under such circumstances have to be taken in rapid (and, indeed, almost immediate) fashion. When this is the case, it is often tempting to conclude that “this time will resemble last time” or “this problem will resemble a situation confronted elsewhere.” But these analogies are drawn, and decisions are made, by individuals who must confront their own very human cognitive psychological limitations. Since analogies are essentially heuristic devices that cut short the process of informational search, they are usually seen as good enough but do not ensure optimal decision-making. Analogies are at a premium during crisis-like events, but their “bounded” nature means that their use will sometimes lead to errors in processing information. In particular, the drawing of an analogy often leads to an underestimation of ways in which the current crisis is “different” from the baseline event.

Familial koilonychia. A current case history

1980 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bumpers
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
Current Case ◽  
A Current

Prevention of Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis with Weekly Terconazole Cream

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1080-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Stein ◽  
Nancy L. Mummaw ◽  
Sharon L. Schooley
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Secondary Prevention Trial ◽  
Vaginal Symptoms ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
A Current

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prophylactic use of weekly terconazole 0.8% cream to prevent recurrent episodes of candidal vaginitis. DESIGN: Women with a documented history of recurrent candidal vaginitis (≥4 recurrences/y) were enrolled into a secondary prevention trial. None of these women were HIV positive, pregnant, diabetic, or immunosuppressed. Patients were initially treated for a symptomatic episode of candidal vaginitis and then started on weekly applications of terconazole 0.8% cream for 26 weeks. These women were then followed for an additional 26 weeks after therapy. SETTING: A university-affiliated medical school. PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of 22 healthy women aged 19–41 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were interviewed by phone each week concerning symptoms and compliance. They were also reminded to notify the study investigators any time vaginal symptoms of candidiasis occurred. Patients were examined whenever they developed vaginal symptoms and were treated on the basis of microscopic and culture results. RESULTS: Ten patients had 14 symptomatic cases of vaginitis during the prophylactic phase of the study, but Candida spp. were isolated during only 4 of these episodes. One episode was due to bacterial vaginosis and no pathogenic organisms were found in 9 of these cases. Eighteen of the 20 patients who completed the prophylactic phase were followed after therapy and 14 (78%) of these patients had a current case of candidal vaginitis. This incidence of infection was statistically higher than that observed during the treatment period (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly applications of terconazole 0.8% cream were effective in preventing recurrent episodes of candidal vaginitis and were well tolerated.

scholarly journals Dialysis vs conservative management decision aid: a study protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna E Winterbottom ◽  
Hilary L Bekker ◽  
Lynne Russon ◽  
Vicki Hipkiss ◽  
Lucy Ziegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Protocol ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Management Decision

4 THE THEORETICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT Many legal theorists and practitioners have attempted, over the years, to give precise definitions of the English doctrine of precedent. Unfortunately for law students, there are no simple shortcuts to understanding the practical everyday working of the doctrine of precedent. However, a few theoretical ground rules can be established, which at least place the operation of the doctrine of precedent within a context: (1) judges at all levels of the court hierarchy must follow decisions of the higher courts; (2) judges in the higher courts must follow previous decisions of their own courtor that of a higher court if the case was similar, and does not fall into any allowed exceptions. It is accepted, however, that in the Court of Appeal, a more relaxed attitude can be taken in relation to criminal appeals; (3) since a Practice Statement by the Lord Chancellor in 1966, judges in the House of Lords have the freedom to decline to follow their own previous decisions (Practice Direction (Judicial Precedent) [1966] 3 All ER 77). This freedom is exercised sparingly—but in a more relaxed way in its criminal jurisdiction than in its civil jurisdiction. Much depends on the definition of similar. How similar must a previous case be before it becomes a precedent to be followed in a current case? Notice, again, how everything turns on language and the meaning of words. The facts of cases usually vary in some way Law is about life and life rarely replicates itself exactly, but trends and degrees of similarity can be noted. The following issues need to be dealt with: (1) must the law be similar now as then? (2) what happens if there are small fact differences? (3) what if there are a range of small differences—is the case sufficiently similar? There are no definitions of similar for the purposes of the doctrine and this is where the judge can bring subjective influences into the decision making processes. He or she can determine what ‘similarity’ is. In addition, how can the reason for the case be extracted? Similar cases must be decided in accordance with the same reasoning process. The actual doctrine as it has developed refers to keeping to the reasons for deciding past cases. How does one find the reasoning? Wambaugh, a theorist working in America in the late 19th century, suggests that one way of ascertaining the reason for the decision (ratio decidendi) is to look for a general rule of law in the judgments and test whether it is foundational for deciding the case by translating it into the negative form and seeing if the case would then have been decided differently. In other words, he suggests locating the ratio by using a negative method as illustrated by the flow chart in Figure 4.3, below. Wambaugh emphasises the search for a rule.

2012 ◽  
pp. 80-80
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Current Case ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lord Chancellor ◽  
Court Of Appeal ◽  
A Current

Peripheral Manifestations in Spondyloarthritis and their Effect: An Ancillary Analysis of the ASAS-COMOSPA Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementina López-Medina ◽  
Anna Moltó ◽  
Maxime Dougados
Keyword(s):  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Peripheral Arthritis ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Current ◽  
Or History

Objective.To determine the factors associated with the presence of peripheral manifestations in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) from the Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS)-COMOSPA study, and to evaluate the effect of these symptoms on treatment and patient-reported outcomes (PRO).Methods.All patients from the ASAS-COMOSPA study were included. All patients had an SpA diagnosis according to the rheumatologist. Patients and disease characteristics associated with the presence of these peripheral manifestations (peripheral arthritis, peripheral enthesitis, or dactylitis) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Patients who reported peripheral manifestations were divided into 3 categories: current, history, and no history. The effect of peripheral involvement on PRO was evaluated through the use of 1-factor ANOVA.Results.Out of the 3984 patients included in ASAS-COMOSPA, 2562 (64.3%) reported at least 1 peripheral manifestation, with a prevalence of 51.5%, 37.8%, and 15.6% for peripheral arthritis, peripheral enthesitis, and dactylitis, respectively. Being from South America, having a history of uveitis, having a current case or history of psoriasis, and the absence of HLA-B27 were associated with higher prevalence of peripheral manifestations. Patients with peripheral involvement showed greater use of drugs, and those with “current” peripheral manifestations showed higher levels in all PRO, in contrast to those with past or no history.Conclusion.Peripheral manifestations appear in 64% of patients with SpA. Psoriasis and the absence of HLA-B27 are associated with the development of peripheral symptoms. The presence of any peripheral symptom at the time of the visit was associated with higher scores in all PRO.

scholarly journals Effects of e-mails containing ADR information and a current case report on ADR reporting rate and quality of reports

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Johansson ◽  
Gertrud Brunlöf ◽  
Christina Edward ◽  
Susanna M. Wallerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Adr Reporting ◽  
Quality Of Reports ◽  
A Current
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