2022 IGWS calendar

The annual Indiana Geological and Water Survey calendar focuses on an area of Survey research, interest or history. The topic of the 2022 calendar is scientific illustrations. For nearly 50 years between them, two artist-draftsmen, Robert "Bob" Judah and Wilbur "Bill" Stalions, translated scientific concepts and research into a visual medium so that more people, including those without a scientific background, could understand the work of the Survey. This calendar contains scans of some original works which have been kept in Survey archives and have not been visible to the public, as well as previously published works from multiple decades.

Head-to-head comparison of nasal and nasopharyngeal sampling using SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing in Lesotho

Objectives To assess the real-world diagnostic performance of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs for SD Biosensor STANDARD Q COVID-19 Antigen Rapid Diagnostic Test (Ag-RDT). Methods Individuals ≥5 years with COVID-19 compatible symptoms or history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 presenting at hospitals in Lesotho received two nasopharyngeal and one nasal swab. Ag-RDT from nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs were performed as point-of-care on site, the second nasopharyngeal swab used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the reference standard. Results Out of 2198 participants enrolled, 2131 had a valid PCR result (61% female, median age 41 years, 8% children), 84.5% were symptomatic. Overall PCR positivity rate was 5.8%. The sensitivity for nasopharyngeal, nasal, and combined nasal and nasopharyngeal Ag-RDT result was 70.2% (95%CI: 61.3-78.0), 67.3% (57.3-76.3) and 74.4% (65.5-82.0), respectively. The respective specificity was 97.9% (97.1-98.4), 97.9% (97.2-98.5) and 97.5% (96.7-98.2). For both sampling modalities, sensitivity was higher in participants with symptom duration ≤ 3days versus ≤ 7days. Agreement between nasal and nasopharyngeal Ag-RDT was 99.4%. Conclusions The STANDARD Q Ag-RDT showed high specificity. Sensitivity was, however, below the WHO recommended minimum requirement of ≥ 80%. The high agreement between nasal and nasopharyngeal sampling suggests that for Ag-RDT nasal sampling is a good alternative to nasopharyngeal sampling.

Autobiografia jako narzędzie badań historyka idei. Casus „Wspomnień niezależnego” Richarda Pipesa

The aim of the article is to develop a research tool for a historian of ideas in the form of an autobiography. It is about framing when a personal document meets the criteria of being a tool for a historian of political thought. The conclusions included the thought that the memories must be meta-considerations on the subject of written autobiography or an analysis of the problem of auto-biography within the framework of the created philosophy or history vision. Examples representing this narrative type were left by, among others, Johann Gottfried Herder, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Thomas Carlyle, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Friedrich Nietzsche, Benedetto Croce, Robin G. Collingwood, and in Poland Stanisław Brzozowski. The volume of Richard Pipes’ memoirs, Memoirs of a Non-belonger, which is the foundation for the analysis, has also become part of the trend. The most important thinkers who have studied the issue of autobiography in depth include Wilhelm Dilthey and Georg Misch. The conclusions of the analysis are as follows: autobiography has a philosophical and epistemological meaning in the field of knowledge about human nature. In this sense, autobiography becomes part of anthropology, while anthropology is the foundation for the history of ideas, including political thought.

The Historical History of Philosophy and Its Object

This chapter evaluates the historical history of philosophy. Given the very strong philosophical assumptions underlying the early philosophical histories of philosophy, and given in particular the fact that they tended to be written from the point of view of some kind of idealism, it is not surprising that they should have met with some resistance, in particular outside philosophy. Thus, one finds Albert Schwegler criticizing Hegel’s method of treating the history of philosophy, rejecting any kind of philosophical history of philosophy as history. He insists that the systematical study of the history of philosophy is the task of a historian and has to be pursued in precisely the way one studies any other kind of history or history in general. Zeller therefore advocates a purely historical approach to the history of philosophy, a historian’s history of philosophy, and his own monumental work on the history of Greek philosophy is inspired by this conception, just as it, in turn, inspires a lot of work, at least on ancient philosophy of the same kind. The chapter then presents a systematical consideration of the historical history of philosophy.

Role of routine urine culture in predicting asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy and the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women - Our experience

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy can flare into frank pyelonephritis and sepsis if untreated due to the low immunity. Apart from causing morbidity in mothers it affects the foetus by increasing the incidence of prematurity and IUGR. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ASB in the pregnant women attending Ante natal clinic and the significance of routine urine culture. : Total 310 pregnant women attending the antenatal OPD were enrolled in the study over a period of 10 months. Inclusion criteria included all pregnant women attending antenatal OPD without any urinary symptoms or history of fever. Exclusion criteria included frank UTI symptoms like fever, dysuria, increased frequency of urine, any history of intake of antibiotics, any urinary tract anomaly or renal calculi. Their midstream urine sampling was collected and subjected to both microscopy and culture sensitivity; standard microbiological method was used. The prevalence of ASB was found to be 11.29% and was maximum in second trimester (54.2%). The study revealed routine urine culture is a sensitive test to diagnose ASB. The commonest bacterium isolated was Escherichia coli (51.4% cases) and the most effective antibiotic was Nitrofurantoin. The neonatal outcomes are discussed in the text while no perinatal deaths were recorded during the period of study. No direct association of asymptomatic bacteriuria with anaemia and preeclampsia was found, but odds ratio was more than one. The study highlights that asymptomatic bacteriuria is a common occurrence in pregnant women, including urine culture as a part of routine investigation in antenatal patients can help diagnose this condition. Prompt treatment of ASB can prevent any obstetric complication arising from the flareup of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy and thus reduce maternal and foetal morbidity.

Pakeha and River Spirituality: A Contextual Study of the Hutt River

<p>This thesis ... seeks to identify expressions of spirituality that have been evident in Pakeha interaction with and reflection upon the Hutt River since 1840. To achieve this, an historical-contextual approach has been adopted using Claire Wolfteich's premise that 'spirituality must be analysed through a historical-contextual approach which can uncover the contours of a community's spiritual practice in relation to a given time and place.' It is important to note here that the historical-contextual approach does not treat spirituality as purely metaphysical and therefore extraordinary to human experience or history. Instead, it recognizes social context as the very environment in which spirituality is located and found. Using this approach the thesis uncovers expressions of nature spirituality that have been operative in relation to the Hutt River since the arrival of the first European settlers. It demonstrates that a range of these spiritual expressions have always existed, and highlights the way that these spiritualities have been shaped, in varying degrees, by religious, economic, political and aesthetic factors. The evolution, accommodations and adaptations which have occurred amongst expressions of nature spirituality present a scene of diversity, complexity and variegation. Overall, this thesis therefore argues that various expressions of river spirituality are clearly evident in Pakeha interaction and relationships with the Hutt River. These expressions are complex in make up and how they interrelate with each other. River spirituality exists with its own unique set of dynamics within a wider discussion of Pakeha earth centered spirituality. (p. 7)</p>

Pakeha and River Spirituality: A Contextual Study of the Hutt River

<p>This thesis ... seeks to identify expressions of spirituality that have been evident in Pakeha interaction with and reflection upon the Hutt River since 1840. To achieve this, an historical-contextual approach has been adopted using Claire Wolfteich's premise that 'spirituality must be analysed through a historical-contextual approach which can uncover the contours of a community's spiritual practice in relation to a given time and place.' It is important to note here that the historical-contextual approach does not treat spirituality as purely metaphysical and therefore extraordinary to human experience or history. Instead, it recognizes social context as the very environment in which spirituality is located and found. Using this approach the thesis uncovers expressions of nature spirituality that have been operative in relation to the Hutt River since the arrival of the first European settlers. It demonstrates that a range of these spiritual expressions have always existed, and highlights the way that these spiritualities have been shaped, in varying degrees, by religious, economic, political and aesthetic factors. The evolution, accommodations and adaptations which have occurred amongst expressions of nature spirituality present a scene of diversity, complexity and variegation. Overall, this thesis therefore argues that various expressions of river spirituality are clearly evident in Pakeha interaction and relationships with the Hutt River. These expressions are complex in make up and how they interrelate with each other. River spirituality exists with its own unique set of dynamics within a wider discussion of Pakeha earth centered spirituality. (p. 7)</p>

A Rare Occurrence of Hyperkalemia Following Remdesivir: A Case Series

Remdesivir is a nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Ebola virus (EBOV), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-1 (SARS-CoV-1). Remdesivir has been used in moderate to severe COVID-19 during the pandemic. Remdesivir is associated with various adverse drug reactions like serum transaminase elevation, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, poor appetite, gastroparesis, pneumothorax, hypotension, hematuria etc. It has been rarely associated with hyperkalemia. We have reported 3 cases of hyperkalemia following Remdesivir use. In all 3 cases, patients did not have any renal pathology or history of alcohol consumption. Patients were not taking any concurrent medication which increases serum potassium levels with such characteristics seen in our cases. Temporal association was present between hyperkalemia and initiation of Remdesivir in all cases described. Hence, it is very important to be vigilant while prescribing Remdesivir in COVID-19.

“Past Remembrance or History”

Chapter 3 begins with the imaginative vacuum created by the Leveller community’s relative silence after 1653 when John Lilburne was exiled and tracks the Royalist use of literature to reimagine sovereign absolutism beyond the limits of Stuart martyrology as it had emerged in the immediate aftermath of Charles I’s 1649 execution. Writers like William Davenant (1606–1688) and Aphra Behn (1640?–1689) understood this project in clearly hermeneutic terms as they argued that the revitalization of Royalism depended on dissuading members of the commonalty that they were capable of independently producing the kind of knowledge that would ground their claims of political authority and entitle them to political participation.

Isolated extramedullary intradural thoracic epidermoid cyst: A rare case report

Spinal epidermoid cyst is a rare entity. It may be congenital with associated spinal dysraphism such asspina bifida ,dermal sinus tract and other neural tube defects or acquired due to repeated lumbar puncture and trauma. Congenital spinal epidermoid cysts without spinal dysraphism are rare. Here we are reporting a rare and interesting case of thoracic extramedullary intradural epidermoid cyst with no associated features of spinal dysraphism or history of iatrogenic trauma in a young male patient.