Peer-to-Peer Networks

P2P applications have become enormously popular and currently take into account a large majority of the traffic transmitted over the Internet. A unique characteristic of P2P networks is their flexible and robust operation, which is enabled by the peers’ ability to serve as both servers and clients. Thus, P2P networks are able to provide a cost effective and easily deployable solution for sharing large files among participating peers with no significant help from a de facto, centralized infrastructure. Due to these advantages, P2P networks have also recently become popular for multimedia streaming. The requirements for general file sharing and real-time media streaming are very different and thus, we discuss in this chapter solutions for both these applications. We begin the chapter with an overview of various P2P network structures and their advantages and disadvantages. We then present in detail the BitTorrent system, which is one of the most popular file sharing protocols. We then overview existing P2P-based media streaming applications, and discuss mechanisms that have been developed to support such applications. We also discuss state-of-the-art research in P2P networks which is based on several game theoretic approaches.

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Peer-to-Peer Technology for File Sharing

Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-563-4.ch071 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 372-377

Author(s):

S. H. Kwok ◽

Y. M. Cheung ◽

K. Y. Chan

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Research Projects ◽

P2p Networks ◽

P2p Computing ◽

Client Server ◽

P2p Systems ◽

Internet Users ◽

P2p File Sharing ◽

P2p Applications

A recent survey revealed that 18 millions American Internet users, or approximately 14% of total American Internet population have peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications running on their computers (Rainie & Madden, 2004). Not surprisingly, P2P applications have become common tools for information sharing and distribution since the appearance of Napster (Napster, 2003) in 1999. P2P systems are the distributed systems in which all nodes are equal in terms of functionality and able to directly communicate with each other without the coordination of a powerful server. Anonymity, scalability, fault resilience, decentralization and self-organization are the distinct characteristics of P2P computing (Milojicic et al., 2002) compared with the traditional client-server computing. P2P computing is believed to be capable of overcoming limitations of the computing environment placed by the client-server computing model. Milojicic et al. (2002), for example, suggested that P2P computing is capable of providing improved scalability by eliminating the limiting factor, the centralized server existing in the client-server computing. In the past few years, P2P computing and its promised characteristics have caught the attention of researchers who have studied the existing P2P networks, and the advantages and disadvantage of P2P systems. Important findings include the excessive network traffic caused by flooding-based searching mechanism that must be tackled in order to fully utilize the improved scalability of P2P systems (Matei, Iamnitchi, & Foster, 2002; Portmann & Seneviratne, 2002). There were proposed efficient searching techniques targeted for both structured and unstructured P2P systems. Other research projects were conducted to study, and were intended to complement, the drawbacks brought by distinct characteristics of P2P systems. For example, the P2P users’ free-riding behavior is generally attributed to the anonymity of such form of communication (Adar & Huberman, 2000). Recent research projects have shifted to a new line of investigation of P2P networks from the economic perspective and applications of P2P systems in workplaces (Kwok & Gao, 2004; Tiwana, 2003).

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Peer-to-Peer Networks for Content Sharing

Peer-to-Peer Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-429-3.ch002 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 28-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Choon Hoong Ding ◽

Sarana Nutanong ◽

Rajkumar Buyya

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Peer Networks ◽

P2p Networks ◽

P2p Computing ◽

P2p Systems ◽

Content Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer Networks ◽

Network Topologies ◽

Broad Overview

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are popularly used as “file swapping” networks to support distributed content sharing. A number of P2P networks for file sharing have been developed and deployed. Napster, Gnutella, and Fasttrack are three popular P2P systems. This chapter presents a broad overview of P2P computing and focuses on content sharing networks and technologies. It also emphasizes on the analysis of network topologies used in popular P2P systems. In addition, this chapter also identifies and describes architecture models and compares various characteristics of four P2P systems—Napster, Gnutella, Fasttrack, and OpenFT.

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Beyond File Sharing–Commerce in Peer-to-Peer Networks: Surveying the Landscape

Journal of Internet Commerce ◽

10.1300/j179v05n02_01 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jared Spencer

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Peer Networks ◽

Peer To Peer Networks

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Game Theoretic Peer Selection for Resilient Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming Systems

10.1109/icdcs.2008.69 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Mark Kai Ho Yeung ◽

Yu-Kwong Kwok

Keyword(s):

Peer To Peer ◽

Media Streaming ◽

Peer Selection ◽

Game Theoretic ◽

Selection For ◽

Streaming Systems

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Mistrustful P2P: Privacy-preserving file sharing over untrustworthy Peer-to-Peer networks

2016 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking) and Workshops ◽

10.1109/ifipnetworking.2016.7497223 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pedro Moreira da Silva ◽

Jaime Dias ◽

Manuel Ricardo

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Privacy Preserving ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Peer Networks ◽

Peer To Peer Networks

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Detection of DDOS attacks in distributed peer to peer networks

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.12227 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.7) ◽

pp. 1051

Author(s):

Gera Jaideep ◽

Bhanu Prakash Battula

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

P2p Network ◽

Ddos Attacks ◽

P2p Networks ◽

Distributed Environment ◽

Trace Back ◽

Peer To Peer Networks ◽

Direct Attack

Peer to Peer (P2P) network in the real world is a class of systems that are made up of thousands of nodes in distributed environments. The nodes are decentralized in nature. P2P networks are widely used for sharing resources and information with ease. Gnutella is one of the well known examples for such network. Since these networks spread across the globe with large scale deployment of nodes, adversaries use them as a vehicle to launch DDoS attacks. P2P networks are exploited to make attacks over hosts that provide critical services to large number of clients across the globe. As the attacker does not make a direct attack it is hard to detect such attacks and considered to be high risk threat to Internet based applications. Many techniques came into existence to defeat such attacks. Still, it is an open problem to be addressed as the flooding-based DDoS is difficult to handle as huge number of nodes are compromised to make attack and source address spoofing is employed. In this paper, we proposed a framework to identify and secure P2P communications from a DDoS attacks in distributed environment. Time-to-Live value and distance between source and victim are considered in the proposed framework. A special agent is used to handle information about nodes, their capacity, and bandwidth for efficient trace back. A Simulation study has been made using NS2 and the experimental results reveal the significance of the proposed framework in defending P2P network and target hosts from high risk DDoS attacks.

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