Bibliographical Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Learning in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ali ◽  
Mohammed Kayed Abdel-Haq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Intelligent Tutoring ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
Administrative Services

This chapter provides an overview of research on AI applications in higher education using a systematic review approach. There were 146 articles included for further analysis, based on explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings show that Computer Science and STEM make up the majority of disciplines involved in AI education literature and that quantitative methods were the most frequently used in empirical studies. Four areas of AI education applications in academic support services and institutional and administrative services were revealed, including profiling and prediction, assessment and evaluation, adaptive systems and personalisation, and intelligent tutoring systems. This chapter reflects on the challenges and risks of AI education, the lack of association between theoretical pedagogical perspectives, and the need for additional exploration of pedagogical, ethical, social, cultural, and economic dimensions of AI education.

scholarly journals Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Zawacki-Richter ◽  
Victoria I. Marín ◽  
Melissa Bond ◽  
Franziska Gouverneur
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tutoring Systems ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Artificial Intelligence In Education

Abstract According to various international reports, Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) is one of the currently emerging fields in educational technology. Whilst it has been around for about 30 years, it is still unclear for educators how to make pedagogical advantage of it on a broader scale, and how it can actually impact meaningfully on teaching and learning in higher education. This paper seeks to provide an overview of research on AI applications in higher education through a systematic review. Out of 2656 initially identified publications for the period between 2007 and 2018, 146 articles were included for final synthesis, according to explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria. The descriptive results show that most of the disciplines involved in AIEd papers come from Computer Science and STEM, and that quantitative methods were the most frequently used in empirical studies. The synthesis of results presents four areas of AIEd applications in academic support services, and institutional and administrative services: 1. profiling and prediction, 2. assessment and evaluation, 3. adaptive systems and personalisation, and 4. intelligent tutoring systems. The conclusions reflect on the almost lack of critical reflection of challenges and risks of AIEd, the weak connection to theoretical pedagogical perspectives, and the need for further exploration of ethical and educational approaches in the application of AIEd in higher education.

scholarly journals Whose fault is failure? Contested perspectives of academic support in tertiary educational institutions in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-393
Author(s):  
David Jeffery ◽  
David Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Student Support Services ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Student Support ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Participation In Higher Education

This paper explores the argument that to widen participation in higher education, educational institutions should bear a greater responsibility for students’ learning. Central to this debate is the notion of ‘academic support’. There are many perspectives on what works to scaffold student participation and learning but rarely are the perspectives of those receiving support taken into account. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory ethnographic study in which students in a vocational college in South Africa reflected on the nature of academic support and access to it. Student narratives that underpin their understandings of how the support system ‘worked’, and what responsibilities they and the college respectively bore for their studies, are compared to the official prescript on student support services in South Africa – the so-called ‘Student Support Services Manual’ which was developed by the South African Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). The data indicate sharp incongruences in thinking. While the student support services manual maintains that students are a product of their disadvantaged contexts and therefore require an institutional form of academic support, students themselves placed much less responsibility for the provision of academic support on the colleges. Instead, they attributed their success or failure to ‘character’ and their own dispositions towards learning. This is an unexpected finding in the context of an often highly charged debate on the factors that constrain learning and learning outcomes. This paper argues that it is this ‘locus of control’ that undermines the idea that student success is dependent on prescription alone.

scholarly journals Compliance with Policies and Guidelines on Student Affairs and Services

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexter Paul D. Dioso
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Student Affairs ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Management Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Learning Environment

This mixed methods sequential explanatory research examined the extent of compliance with the Policies and Guidelines on Student Affairs and Services.  The instrument was adapted from the framework of the Philippine Commission on Higher Education CMO 9, series of 2013.  The results revealed a high extent of compliance where the provisions of Student Affairs and Services are complied moderately extensive and are functioning well. There was no significant difference in the assessments between the implementers and recipients. Student affairs and services addressed the needs and interests of the students through the quality of service delivery and the opportunities to develop their academic and extra-curricular interests. They provided opportunities for the conduct of activities, discipline, and other services that promote a positive learning environment and the formation of values. The result of the study was the basis for the Management Development Program to attain the best quality of academic support services.

Disability Support Services in Higher Education: An Extension of the Rehabilitation Process

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Carroll ◽  
Claudia E. Johnson Bown
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Rehabilitation Counseling ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Academic Support Services ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Disability Support Services ◽  
Disability Support ◽  
Comprehensive Services

In recent years, the number of students in higher education who are requesting services, from university offices of Disability Support Services (DSS) has increased dramatically, While surveys suggest that the majority of DSS offices are providing academic support services to their students with disabilities, these services, while necessary, are not sufficient to address the needs of these students in a holistic fashion. This article will discuss ways in which the philosophy of rehabilitation counseling can be utilized to assist the DSS office in providing more comprehensive services, with the goal of increasing the students' functioning to the highest level possible in all areas of their lives. Through adherence to this philosophy, the DSS office can become an effective extension of the rehabilitation process to students with disabilities.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of Return to Distance Higher Education in Different Disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
Fengliang Li ◽  
Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Education And Law ◽  
Education Returns

Few empirical studies have analyzed the return to distance higher education in different academic disciplines. This study used quantitative methods, data from a nationwide survey, and Mincerian earnings function to analyze the return to distance higher education among different disciplines in China’s labor market. Results were compared with the return to face-to-face higher education and showed that the returns to face-to-face higher education were higher than those to distance higher education. Returns to the disciplines of economics and management were at a high level in both face-to-face and distance education; returns to the disciplines of literature, as well as education and law, were at a low level in both face-to-face and distance education. The returns to the disciplines of science and engineering were higher in face-to-face education than in distance education. This paper proposes several recommendations. Adults who do not have higher education degrees should invest in distance higher education to obtain considerable monetary returns, particularly in the disciplines with higher returns such as management and economics. China’s distance education institutions should improve the quality of teaching in science and engineering education and find ways to provide high-quality experimental teaching practices. At the same time, they should scale back on instruction of literature, as well as education and law.

scholarly journals Brain Gain in Fiji? How do past emigrants’ experiences shape the education decisions and emigration plans of tertiary students in Fiji?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lakshmin Aashnum Mudaliar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Education Decisions ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

<p>This thesis examines the case of Fijian youths’ increasing demand for higher education in order to explore the brain gain theorem. Its primary aim is to understand how past emigrants’ experiences shape the education decisions and emigration intentions of tertiary students in Fiji. This is achieved through semi-structured interviews with Fijian youths as well as an examination of policy and media reports. The research questions through which these aims are achieved are: Why do Fijian students enter higher education? Do Fijian students intend to migrate, and if so, why or why not? And what are the constraints and obstacles to Fijian students’ emigration intentions? The central conclusion of this thesis is that the brain gain effect is present in Fiji because half of the student-participants responded to the incentive effect, defined as the prospect of migration raising the expected returns to higher education, which is created by two distinct cultures of migration and three of the Fijian governments’ initiatives. The strength of their social ties determined whether they had perfect or imperfect information about the constraints and obstacles to their emigration intentions which in turn, determined the type of brain gain effect Fijian communities may be experiencing.  In this thesis, the relationship between emigration and human capital formation is understood through the notion of the brain gain effect, defined as prospect of migration leads to a higher average level of education per individual in origin countries. Existing empirical studies have employed quantitative methods to establish the correlation between past emigration rates and current enrolment rates. The significance and novelty of this thesis lies in its adoption of qualitative case study methods in which real people were asked what they are doing and why, thus bringing us closer to a causal understanding of the relationship between higher education and emigration. In addition, by including ethnic and skill-level variables in the research design, this thesis shows that those remaining behind after upskilling may be some of Fiji’s ‘best and brightest.’</p>

scholarly journals Brain Gain in Fiji? How do past emigrants’ experiences shape the education decisions and emigration plans of tertiary students in Fiji?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lakshmin Aashnum Mudaliar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Education Decisions ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

<p>This thesis examines the case of Fijian youths’ increasing demand for higher education in order to explore the brain gain theorem. Its primary aim is to understand how past emigrants’ experiences shape the education decisions and emigration intentions of tertiary students in Fiji. This is achieved through semi-structured interviews with Fijian youths as well as an examination of policy and media reports. The research questions through which these aims are achieved are: Why do Fijian students enter higher education? Do Fijian students intend to migrate, and if so, why or why not? And what are the constraints and obstacles to Fijian students’ emigration intentions? The central conclusion of this thesis is that the brain gain effect is present in Fiji because half of the student-participants responded to the incentive effect, defined as the prospect of migration raising the expected returns to higher education, which is created by two distinct cultures of migration and three of the Fijian governments’ initiatives. The strength of their social ties determined whether they had perfect or imperfect information about the constraints and obstacles to their emigration intentions which in turn, determined the type of brain gain effect Fijian communities may be experiencing.  In this thesis, the relationship between emigration and human capital formation is understood through the notion of the brain gain effect, defined as prospect of migration leads to a higher average level of education per individual in origin countries. Existing empirical studies have employed quantitative methods to establish the correlation between past emigration rates and current enrolment rates. The significance and novelty of this thesis lies in its adoption of qualitative case study methods in which real people were asked what they are doing and why, thus bringing us closer to a causal understanding of the relationship between higher education and emigration. In addition, by including ethnic and skill-level variables in the research design, this thesis shows that those remaining behind after upskilling may be some of Fiji’s ‘best and brightest.’</p>

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