Causal Analyses of Public Debt and Structural Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Structural Mechanism ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
The Impact

The impact of structural adjustment program on the economic situation in many African countries can not be overemphasised. Over two decades of implementing neo-liberal economic policies by the Bretton Woods institution, it is of great importance to document the lessons learnt. This paper elicits the structural mechanism representing the intended effect of structural adjustment policies and the unintended effects observed from the implementation of the structural adjustment policies. The assumptions and hypotheses implicit in the main structural adjustment policies, as well as the observed unintended effect of the policies are clearly elicited with a causal loop diagram.

Can Effective Industrial Restructuring be Compatible with Market- Oriented Structural Adjustment Policies? The Evidence from Turkey

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Şenses
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Bretton Woods Institutions ◽  
The Imf

One of the main objectives of the Stabilization and Structural Adjustment Program (SSAP) introduced in Turkey in January 1980 was to transform the industrial trade strategy from archetypal import-substitution to export-orientation and to attain a higher level of integration with the international economy through market-based policies. International financial institutions like the IMF and, in particular, the World Bank have been closely involved in this process. Apart from a number of stand-by agreements with the IMF, Turkey received five successive structural adjustment loans from the World Bank during 1980-84 with their conditionality extending into a wide range of spheres like import liberalization, export promotion, and financial liberalization. Not only was Turkey one of the first to conclude such agreements with the World Bank, it was also identified as one of the countries complying with their provisions with “low slippage”.3 Even when there were no formal agreements, successive governments since 1980 have had very close and amicable relations with both of these Bretton Woods institutions.

The economic determinants of electoral volatility in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kuenzi ◽  
John P Tuman ◽  
Moritz P Rissmann ◽  
Gina MS Lambright
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Party System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Impact

Democratic performance and party system institutionalization (PSI) are thought to be integrally linked. Electoral volatility is an important dimension of PSI and has thus been the focus of many studies. Despite the attention given to electoral volatility, its determinants remain elusive. We examine the determinants of electoral volatility in 35 African countries from 1972 to 2010. This study extends the prior literature by analyzing the effects of two previously unexamined variables, foreign aid and structural adjustment, on electoral volatility. Our results indicate that electoral volatility is lower when foreign aid is high, while structural adjustment programs are associated with increased volatility. Our findings contribute to the research on the political economy of aid, illustrating the impact of these economic practices on election outcomes. Political institutions and social demography also appear to affect volatility. Based on our analysis, the party systems of Africa generally do not appear to be institutionalizing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Structural Adjustment Policies on Fertilizers Market in Bangladesh

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Mohd. Nazrul ◽  
Akira Ishida ◽  
Kenji Taniguchi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
The Impact

Historical Amnesia, or, the Logic of Capital Accumulation: Cotton Production in Colonial and Postcolonial Mozambique

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alien Isaacman
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the very different cotton production schemes that the state introduced in colonial and post-colonial Mozambique are explored. Three distinct periods in the history of cotton production are examined. In the first, the focus is on the impact of cotton cultivation on the daily lives of peasants trapped in a highly coercive labor regime which Portugal imposed in 1938 and enforced for almost a quarter of a century. An outline of the abortive attempt of the newly independent FRELIMO government to revitalize cotton production from 1977 to 1985 as part of its broader socialist agenda to transform the countryside, is given next, and the study is concluded with a discussion of recent state efforts to promote joint cotton ventures under the guise of the IMF—World Bank structural adjustment program. An analysis of these changing cotton regimes offers a way of exploring a wide set of issues in the sustainability debate, The Mozambican cotton scheme demonstrates the extent to which state development planning often is not only about either social or ecological sustainability but also about control, power, and effectively silencing the rural poor by experts disconnected from the countryside. It is also stressed that the politics of memory is an important dimension of the sustainability debate and the broader ideological struggles which it reflects. Try as they might, neither the colonial state nor the postcolonial state could control how peasants constructed and interpreted the past. The official representations of cotton as a path to progress, whether on a capitalist or a social road, were simply dismissed by most growers who knew better.

Adjusting Inequality: Education and Structural Adjustment Policies in Tanzania

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCES VAVRUS
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
The Impact

International economic forces increasingly affect policy at multiple levels and in multiple domains. The interplay of three levels — international, national, and local — are underresearched in the social and educational policy fields, which includes educational policy studies. In this article, Frances Vavrus employs ethnography to investigate how these interactions play out in a Chagga community in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania. She examines how the lives of secondary students in Tanzanian schools are affected by structural adjustment policies, adopted by Tanzania at the advice of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, in three domains: access to schooling, opportunities for employment, and the risk of HIV/AIDS infection. She makes a convincing case for the importance of understanding the local setting in the development of international and national policy, and for investigating the impact policy change in noneducational sectors has on educational realities. Vavrus's research also provides a glimpse into the multiple local consequences of the policy of user fees for school access that were implemented over the last fifteen years in Tanzania and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa. She concludes with a call for the research community to consider the benefits of ethnography in the development and evaluation of policy.

Special Topic I: Structural Adjustment Policies and the Environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAN MUNASINGHE
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Special Topic ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
Development Literature

Background to structural adjustment The oil price increases of the 1970s, the worldwide recession, and developing country debt crisis of the 1980s, led to the adoption of so-called structural adjustment policies (SAPs). These economic reform packages which included stringent monetary and fiscal measures, sought to restore conditions for growth and development by a combination of short-term ‘stabilization’ and more medium-term ‘adjustment’ policies for the macro-economy. SAPs have not always achieved their economic goals, for a variety of reasons. Of greater relevance is the fact that even where economic gains have been realized through structural adjustment, both environmental and social problems have persisted in several countries. The growing sustainable development literature is seeking to identify and remedy development strategies that lead to the unsustainable use of natural resources and the environment. One key question is whether the very economic policies being prescribed to alleviate economic problems are perhaps undermining the environmental resources and social fabric on which the long-term development of nations will ultimately depend.

Structural adjustment and market imperfections: a stylized village economy-wide model with non-separable farm households

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEIN T. HOLDEN ◽  
J. EDWARD TAYLOR ◽  
STEPHEN HAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Credit Rationing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
The Impact

Village economies and peasant households represent the main link between the economy and the environment in sub-Saharan Africa. The links from the macro level and down to the household level and further to the natural resource base are complex. It may therefore be difficult to predict the impact of macro policies and external shocks on the environment. This paper presents a typology of village economies and village economy-wide models. The framework is applied to a special case where a model is proposed and estimated to examine the impacts of external shocks, including structural adjustment policies, on cash-crop production and chitemene (shifting cultivation) in a remote Zambian village characterized by a missing (or negligible) labour market, input supply constraints, and credit rationing. Our findings indicate that structural adjustment policies, by decreasing the profitability of maize production, may encourage households to increase their chitemene production, resulting in more rapid deforestation.

The Impact of Privatisation of Healthcare Equipment and Technology SOEs on Productivity in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Ethel Yiranbon ◽  
Lu Lin Zhou ◽  
Henry Asante Antwi ◽  
Numir Nisar
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The State ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Upon the attainment of independence many African countries emerged with a new spirit of entrepreneurial governance and domestic industrialization. However with time, most of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) set up have been privatized largely because of mismanagement, huge deficits and operational inefficiencies created by many factors. In all material moments, the objective of divesture of SOEs was to stimulate efficiency, productivity and relieve the state of the huge financial burden they bring. Our study examines the methods of privatization of healthcare technology and equipment SOEs in Africa and their impact on post-divestiture productivity based on cases from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya.We simultaneously collect and model privatization data from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank relating to Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya. These were data submitted to the IMF and World Bank as part of the measures to implement the different forms of economic recovery and structural adjustment programs in the respective countries. Our empirical strategy follows the broader literature in estimating reduced form equations for firm performance as a function of ownership, while trying to account for potential problems of heterogeneity (observed and unobserved) and simultaneity bias. We note the insider/employee shareholding accounted for only 23.6 percent of privatization of healthcare equipments and technology manufacturing enterprises on average while mass privatization program accounts for 18.2 percent of the privatization mode. We note that each of these methods yield positive post divestiture labour productivity. However privatization of healthcare equipment and technology manufacturing enterprises by block sale to outside investors generated the highest form of labour productivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document