The Impact of Privatisation of Healthcare Equipment and Technology SOEs on Productivity in Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Ethel Yiranbon ◽  
Lu Lin Zhou ◽  
Henry Asante Antwi ◽  
Numir Nisar
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The State ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Upon the attainment of independence many African countries emerged with a new spirit of entrepreneurial governance and domestic industrialization. However with time, most of the state owned enterprises (SOEs) set up have been privatized largely because of mismanagement, huge deficits and operational inefficiencies created by many factors. In all material moments, the objective of divesture of SOEs was to stimulate efficiency, productivity and relieve the state of the huge financial burden they bring. Our study examines the methods of privatization of healthcare technology and equipment SOEs in Africa and their impact on post-divestiture productivity based on cases from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya.We simultaneously collect and model privatization data from International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank relating to Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Kenya. These were data submitted to the IMF and World Bank as part of the measures to implement the different forms of economic recovery and structural adjustment programs in the respective countries. Our empirical strategy follows the broader literature in estimating reduced form equations for firm performance as a function of ownership, while trying to account for potential problems of heterogeneity (observed and unobserved) and simultaneity bias. We note the insider/employee shareholding accounted for only 23.6 percent of privatization of healthcare equipments and technology manufacturing enterprises on average while mass privatization program accounts for 18.2 percent of the privatization mode. We note that each of these methods yield positive post divestiture labour productivity. However privatization of healthcare equipment and technology manufacturing enterprises by block sale to outside investors generated the highest form of labour productivity.

scholarly journals Foreign Lending Dilemma and Poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan: A Panel Data Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Mariam Abbas Soharwardi ◽  
Hina Ali ◽  
Mujahid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Foreign Lending ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adjustment Programs

Purpose: In developing countries foreign lending becomes a problem now a day instead of spend this lending for the development purposes. Ultimately this problem causes poverty in these countries where usage of foreign lending is not in proper ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of IMF and World Bank lending on poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan. In this study corruption, GDP, unemployment, secondary enrolment, and external debt are used as independent variables and poverty headcount ratio as dependent variable. Study finds out the relationship of corruption, unemployment and external debts with poverty and showing the positive relationship while secondary enrolment and GDP showing negative relation with poverty. Moreover study finds out that lending of IMF and WORLD BANK mostly causes poverty in these developing countries instead of reducing poverty because of corrupt government's weak policies for the distribution of loans. It is examined that the countries with strong policies and non-corrupt government can take full advantage of these lending for poverty reduction. But it is noticed that the countries which are the members of IMF structural adjustment programs are facing more poverty problems as compare to those countries which are not involved in these programs or even have less numbers of lending. Those countries are much better than the countries involve in structural adjustment programs.

Causal Analyses of Public Debt and Structural Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pastor Ansah
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Structural Mechanism ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Adjustment Program ◽  
Unintended Effect ◽  
Adjustment Policies ◽  
The Impact

The impact of structural adjustment program on the economic situation in many African countries can not be overemphasised. Over two decades of implementing neo-liberal economic policies by the Bretton Woods institution, it is of great importance to document the lessons learnt. This paper elicits the structural mechanism representing the intended effect of structural adjustment policies and the unintended effects observed from the implementation of the structural adjustment policies. The assumptions and hypotheses implicit in the main structural adjustment policies, as well as the observed unintended effect of the policies are clearly elicited with a causal loop diagram.

Migration and Religious Refugees

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-136
Author(s):  
Esther Chung-Kim
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Church Management ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Burden Of Caring ◽  
Growing Population

One of the biggest impacts on poverty in early modern Europe was migration. As various circumstances and conflicts generated a growing population of religious refugees in many cities, the magnitude of need overwhelmed local poor relief structures. This crisis prompted the development of poor relief outside of civic jurisdiction and prompted the development of separate ways to care for the foreign poor. For example, John a Lasco led a religiously autonomous foreigners’ church in London, where he emphasized commitment to poor relief among the exiles. This chapter examines the religious interpretations of the migration experience, its role in shaping religious identity, and the impact of migration on poor relief. By establishing poor relief systems for refugees, the foreigner churches, or stranger churches, relieved city governments of the additional financial burden of caring for refugees and simultaneously set up a form of church management to aid religious refugees.

Structural Adjustment, Human Needs, and the World Bank Agenda

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Stein ◽  
E. Wayne Nafziger
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

The economic crisis of the 1970s in sub-Saharan Africa led to a critical evaluation of the rôle of government policies by international agencies, including two contrasting views of the problem by the Economic Commission for Africa/Organisation of African Unity and the World Bank. The E.C.A./O.A.U. largely placed the blame on the deteriorating external environment, emphasising the reduction of income inequality, poverty, and unemployment through a continuation of the state-led introverted development strategy of the previous decade. The World Bank responded in the opposite direction, mainly blaming the inappropriate state policies of the post-independence period, while encouraging a re-focus on economic growth through a structural reversal of the state-imposed impediments to the efficient operations of markets.

A Simplistic Approach to Health Policy Analysis: The World Bank Team on the Indian Health Sector

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debabar Banerji
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
The Impact

A World Bank report on the health sector in India has set out to offer an alternative policy framework to cushion the impact of structural adjustment programs on health services. By choosing health financing as a tool for policy analysis, it has arrived at highly questionable conclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of world bank structural adjustment lending: 1980–87

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Harrigan ◽  
Paul Mosley
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Poverty and Inequality during the Adjustment Decade: Empirical Findings from Household Surveys

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Jamal
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Welfare And Poverty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Decomposition

This paper investigates the dynamics of poverty and inequality in Pakistan over the period 1988-1999. The year 1988 was the year of the first formal Structural Adjustment Lending (SAL) from the World Bank and the IMF. Thus, this analysis facilitates the debate regarding the impact of SAL on household welfare and poverty. This is done by analysing changes in poverty and inequality from two comparable household income and expenditure surveys conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics. Our findings show an increase both in the Gini coefficient from 0.34 to 0.38 and poverty incidence from 24 to 30. The dynamic decomposition of the poverty index indicates the relative importance of growth and redistribution effects in explaining the changes in poverty. The analysis reveals that increase in poverty can mainly be attributed to low economic growth during the decade especially in the rural areas.

The economic determinants of electoral volatility in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kuenzi ◽  
John P Tuman ◽  
Moritz P Rissmann ◽  
Gina MS Lambright
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Party System ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Impact

Democratic performance and party system institutionalization (PSI) are thought to be integrally linked. Electoral volatility is an important dimension of PSI and has thus been the focus of many studies. Despite the attention given to electoral volatility, its determinants remain elusive. We examine the determinants of electoral volatility in 35 African countries from 1972 to 2010. This study extends the prior literature by analyzing the effects of two previously unexamined variables, foreign aid and structural adjustment, on electoral volatility. Our results indicate that electoral volatility is lower when foreign aid is high, while structural adjustment programs are associated with increased volatility. Our findings contribute to the research on the political economy of aid, illustrating the impact of these economic practices on election outcomes. Political institutions and social demography also appear to affect volatility. Based on our analysis, the party systems of Africa generally do not appear to be institutionalizing.

The World Bank and Child Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Coburn ◽  
Michael Restivo ◽  
John M. Shandra
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Impact

We examine the impact of World Bank structural adjustment and health lending on child mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa from 1990 to 2005. We use two-way fixed effects regression models to analyze data for a sample of thirty-one Sub-Saharan African nations. We find that when a Sub-Saharan African nation receives a World Bank structural adjustment loan then it tends to have higher levels of child mortality than when it does not receive such a loan. Conversely, we find that when a Sub-Saharan African nations receives a World Bank investment loan in the health sector then it tends to have lower levels of child mortality than it if does not receive an investment health loan. We conclude by talking about the theoretical implications, methodological implications, policy suggestions, limitations of the study, and possible avenues for future research.

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