Flexitarianism (Flexible or Part-Time Vegetarianism)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia Raphaely ◽  
Dora Marinova ◽  
George Crisp ◽  
Jordan Panayotov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Right

Many think that eating meat is nutritionally necessary and beneficial. Industrialising livestock production provides meat that is often “cheaper” than fruit and vegetables. In reality, this has come at a cost for human, animal and ecological welfare. Western mainstream meat consumption is a leading cause of increasing ill-health, diabetes, cancers, non-communicable and chronic diseases, malnourishment, obesity, antibiotic resistance, spread of infectious diseases, hunger and possible global epidemics as well as climate change, biodiversity loss, water and land degradation. Rather than stop this, vested interests continue to promote meat consumption. If people are deliberately misinformed or have no access to reliable information, what chance do they have to make the right food choices? This paper outlines flexitarianism (flexible vegetarianism) as a personal user-driven opportunity to combat the geopolitical and industrial duplicity about meat. Consumers should have enough information about the implications of their nutritional choices. In addition to health benefits, flexitarianism can help mitigate climate change, environmental and social destruction and reduce animal suffering. The proposed information policy interventions are assessed against their impact on key stakeholders and overall value for public health and environmental wellbeing. They offer an opportunity to reclaim personal health and improve the health of the planet.

scholarly journals Reducing Meat Consumption to Mitigate Climate Change and Promote Health: but Is It Good for the Economy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-807
Author(s):  
Daniel Francisco Pais ◽  
António Cardoso Marques ◽  
José Alberto Fuinhas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Good For ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

scholarly journals Advers Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Natural Disasters

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tamaz Patarkalashvil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change ◽  
Warming Process

Reserved areas play vital role in preserving biodiversity and mitigating threats to climate change at local and world levels. Climate change that is already observed in many parts of the planet is the biggest and most horrible perspective facing our planet in near future. Adverse climate change processes are observed in Georgia too. In last decades biodiversity loss and increased natural disasters frequently take place. Scientists warn that if we will not be able to stop warming process at 1.50C we cannot be able to avoid unpredictable and irreversible consequences. Ecologists agree that enlargement of the existed reserved areas and creation of new ones will help to preserve biodiversity and mitigate climate change. They propose to enlarge the existed reserved areas up to 30% by 2030 and designate 20% of territory under strict monitoring [1]. At the same time we are sure that most of the local governments will not be happy by implementation of this idea and we believe that it must be supported and monitored by international nongovernmental organizations.

Megatrends affecting smallholder forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-371
Author(s):  
L. ROBINS ◽  
P. KANOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Smallholder Forestry ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Physical Infrastructure ◽  
Vested Interests

This paper identifies and explores megatrends with major implications for smallholder-based commercial forestry in Indonesia to the year 2030. A megatrend is a cluster of trends that represent a significant shift in the condition of the environment, economy or society, with major implications over the longer term. Megatrend analysis is one example of foresighting, an approach which complements traditional forestry sector outlook studies. The eight megatrends explore the dynamics of Indonesia's urbanising population; their rising incomes and education rates, manifest in an expanding middle class and changing demands; the imperative to provide for the needs of the still-many poor; the tension between market-based opportunities and the Indonesian bureaucracy, inadequate physical infrastructure and vested interests; Indonesia's place as a global hotspot of forest and biodiversity loss; the consequences of climate change; the emerging digital and technology-driven economy and society; and the possible impacts of both natural and man-made crises. These megatrends and their component subtrends have various implications for smallholder forestry; we identify best, worst and more likely case scenarios as starting points for further research.

scholarly journals CLIMATE JUSTICE: BALANCING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOP AND THE NORM OF SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ushana Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real World Situation

<p>Climate change presents a global problem that requires collective action. Distributing obligations in relation to this has proven problematic, especially in light of the divide between wealthy and developed states compared to poor and developing states. The norm of sustainability requires states to continue to protect and promote sustainable actions. This comes into direct conflict with the right to develop when considering how to mitigate climate change. The right to develop requires the use of limited resources now, whereas the norm of sustainability argues that these resources must be protected for both environmental protection and intergenerational justice. Intragenerational justice requires us to consider whether actions that protect the future may be causing greater injustice within the present generation. In this thesis, I discuss the important potential distribution principles, with considerations of historic responsibility, uncertainty, and the ability to pay principles. I then use this foundation to explore how a right to develop can fit within the balance of intergenerational and intragenerational justice. I also include the context of non-ideal theory as a means of making the discussion more relevant to the real-world situation we find ourselves in, with the partial and non-compliance of many states. I conclude that, within the context of non-ideal theory, there is a right to develop but currently it ought to be limited to a basic needs threshold if we wish to justly distribute obligations between and across generations.</p>

scholarly journals CLIMATE JUSTICE: BALANCING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOP AND THE NORM OF SUSTAINABILITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ushana Jayasuriya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Ideal Theory ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Intergenerational Justice ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real World Situation

<p>Climate change presents a global problem that requires collective action. Distributing obligations in relation to this has proven problematic, especially in light of the divide between wealthy and developed states compared to poor and developing states. The norm of sustainability requires states to continue to protect and promote sustainable actions. This comes into direct conflict with the right to develop when considering how to mitigate climate change. The right to develop requires the use of limited resources now, whereas the norm of sustainability argues that these resources must be protected for both environmental protection and intergenerational justice. Intragenerational justice requires us to consider whether actions that protect the future may be causing greater injustice within the present generation. In this thesis, I discuss the important potential distribution principles, with considerations of historic responsibility, uncertainty, and the ability to pay principles. I then use this foundation to explore how a right to develop can fit within the balance of intergenerational and intragenerational justice. I also include the context of non-ideal theory as a means of making the discussion more relevant to the real-world situation we find ourselves in, with the partial and non-compliance of many states. I conclude that, within the context of non-ideal theory, there is a right to develop but currently it ought to be limited to a basic needs threshold if we wish to justly distribute obligations between and across generations.</p>

scholarly journals Climate change mitigation and nature conservation both require higher protected area targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20190121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Callum M. Roberts ◽  
Bethan C. O'Leary ◽  
Julie P. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Adaptation Policies ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Change Mitigation

Nations of the world have, to date, pursued nature protection and climate change mitigation and adaptation policies separately. Both efforts have failed to achieve the scale of action needed to halt biodiversity loss or mitigate climate change. We argue that success can be achieved by aligning targets for biodiversity protection with the habitat protection and restoration necessary to bring down greenhouse gas concentrations and promote natural and societal adaptation to climate change. Success, however, will need much higher targets for environmental protection than the present 10% of sea and 17% of land. A new target of 30% of the sea given high levels of protection from exploitation and harm by 2030 is under consideration and similar targets are being discussed for terrestrial habitats. We make the case here that these higher targets, if achieved, would make the transition to a warmer world slower and less damaging for nature and people. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.

scholarly journals Developing a Global Soil Regime

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Boer ◽  
Ian Hannam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Right

From the 1960s onwards, the global community became more aware of the phenomena of air and water pollution. More recently, the issues of climate change, loss of biodiversity, desertification, drought, and land degradation have become more prominent. While biodiversity loss and climate change have garnered close attention, issues of land degradation and sustainability of soils has attracted less focus in international fora and by national governments. We argue here that soil, as a vital biological and cultural resource, demands attention on the same level as biological diversity and climate change, and that this should be reflected in both international law and in legislation at national level. This article explores the elements that could form the basis of a global instrument for the conservation and sustainable use of soil, and sets out the premise for the community of nations to support the negotiation and drafting of such an instrument. It does so in light of the recent discussion on the introduction of a provision in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on the achievement of zero net land degradation, the revision of the World Soil Charter as well as the work of the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. It also briefly explores other complementary mechanisms that can be used for promoting the sustainable use of soils.

scholarly journals Federalism and Mitigating Climate Change: The Merits of Flexibility, Experimentalism, and Dissonance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Johannes Reich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Federalism is ostensibly misplaced to mitigate climate change as a global public concern as it is prone to import the inadequate incentive structures existing at the international level into the domestic domain. Drawing from the legal structures and procedures of Swiss federalism, this article attempts to provide a more nuanced assessment of the relationship between laws designed to mitigate climate change and federalism. It seeks to demonstrate that federalism may support effective policies to mitigate climate change, provided that the architecture of domestic climate change law meets certain criteria. These include considerable federal powers, a degree of institutional flexibility, robust formal channels of influence for subnational actors on policy formulation at the federal level, ample room for regulatory experimentalism at the lower layers of federalism, and the ‘right to act’ conferred on the Federation to avoid political impasse among the constituent units.

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