Biomass and Carbon Stock in the Sal (Shorea robusta) Forest of Dang District Nepal

The study was conducted to find the net carbon stock in the Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in Bagdaila Chisapani community forest of Dang district, Nepal. The inventory was done by a stratified sampling technique with 0.5% sampling intensity taking into account the woody plants with ≥ 5cm DBH. A total of 49 sample plots of radius 8.94m and 5.64 were established to measure tree biomass and sapling biomass respectively in the forest. The mean above-ground carbon (AGC) was 160.4 t ha-1 and the mean below-ground carbon (BGC) was 24.1t ha-1. The mean total carbon stock in the study area was estimated to be 99.02 t ha-1; of which maximum carbon stock of 143.51 t ha-1 was found in block number 5. Sal was the major tree species in the CF. The biomass and carbon content in this forest is found quite low as compared to other studies in the Sal forest and other tropical forests which were due to the presence of tree stands of less diameter and height. This study would be helpful in the long-term management of forests, planning, and research purposes. The data from this study could also be taken as a reference document for the participation of community forests in carbon accounting under the REDD+ scheme in Nepal.

Research on Energy-Related CO2 Emissions Characteristics, Decoupling Relationship and LMDI Factor Decomposition in Qinghai

Based on the statistical data from 1997 to 2017, with the utilization of the IPCC carbon accounting method, Tapio decoupling model, and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), the temporal evolution characteristics of Qinghai’s energy-related carbon emissions, the decoupling relationship, and its driving factors were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) The carbon emissions of Qinghai showed a trend of first slowly increasing, then rapidly increasing, and finally fluctuating and decreasing. It increased from 3.85 million tons in 1997 to 14.33 million tons in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of 6.79%. The carbon emission intensity revealed a steady downward trend, from 189.82 tons/million CNY in 1997 to 54.6 tons/million CNY in 2017, with an average annual growth rate of –6.04%. 2) The relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth was represented by four types: weak decoupling, strong decoupling, expansion negative decoupling, and expansion coupling. Among them, a strong decoupling was achieved only in the five periods of 1997–1998, 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2013–2015, and 2016–2017. 3) The structural effect of energy consumption was the paramount factor in restraining carbon emissions, followed by the energy intensity effect, while economic growth, and population size were important factors facilitating the increase in carbon emissions. To this end, Qinghai should continuously optimize its energy structure and improve energy utilization efficiency, thus achieving economic green and high-quality development.

Research on the Development Direction of China’s Carbon Audit Under the Background of Low Carbon Economy

In recent years, climate change, global warming, and environmental degradation these issues have intensified. Among them, carbon dioxide is a key factor in climate warming. Controlling carbon emissions by auditing them can make a big difference to the environment. Therefore, most countries have formulated corresponding policies to control carbon emissions and carry out the work of carbon audit. China has vigorously advocated the development of resource and environmental auditing these years. It is expected that carbon will reach its peak in 2030 and achieve its neutrality in 2060. And theoretical research and practical operation of carbon auditing has gradually aroused everyone’s attention. Based on this, article will study the theory of carbon audit up to now, combine with the actual operating conditions of various countries, sort out China’s carbon emissions, carbon accounting and carbon audit related systems. And the authors propose that the short-term work should increase the construction of carbon audit system, information collection platform construction and government-led operations, etc. And the long-term work should formulate carbon audit standards, cultivate its talent team, build its evaluation system and formation mechanism, etc.

Variation of White Spruce Carbon Content with Age, Height, Social Classes and Silvicultural Management

The accuracy and precision with which carbon amounts have been accounted for in forests have been questioned. As countries seek to comply with agreements to reduce global warming and industries seek to maximize bioenergy potential, this matter has increased international concern. White spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stand density management trials in the Petawawa Research Forest, Ontario, Canada, were sampled to evaluate carbon concentration variation within trees and plots of differing stand density. Sample-drying methodologies were also tested to compare freeze-dried carbon (FDC) and oven-dried carbon (ODC) measurements. The average FDC was 51.80 ± 1.19%, and the corrected freeze-dried carbon content (FDCCOR) was 51.76 ± 1.33%. The average ODC was 49.10 ± 0.92%, and the average volatile carbon fraction (Cvol) was 2.67 ± 1.71%. FDC was higher than ODC (mean of the differences = 2.52) and generally more variable. ODC significantly decreased radially and longitudinally. FDC was significantly affected by thinning, where heavy treatments resulted in the highest FDC amounts compared to medium, light, and control treatments. In addition to reducing carbon content (CC), drying influences wood CC in many ways that are still to be elucidated. The results of this study suggest that ODC should continue to be used within the bioenergy industry, while FDC must become the preferred standard for carbon accounting protocols.