A Novel Methodology for Cloud of Things based Secure Higher Education Framework using Zero Knowledge Proof System

The cutting-edge technology, namely Cloud of Things (CoT) has shaped the existing business process into a new orientation in terms of performance, usability, and reliability. Among different business processes, online education is one of the prime areas where CoT can be used to make it more agile in the context of performance and usability. In this endeavor, a novel methodology has been proposed for an online higher education framework based on CoT. The proposed framework is made agile using Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Furthermore, in order to make the proposed framework more reliable, a Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKPF) system has been introduced here. The proposed ZKPF algorithm is based on the Hadamard matrix. Experimental results have shown to lay bare the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoom Alam ◽  
Mohammad Nauman ◽  
Xinwen Zhang ◽  
Tamleek Ali ◽  
Patrick C. K. Hung ◽  
...  

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural paradigm that enables dynamic composition of heterogeneous, independent, multi-vendor business services. A prerequisite for such inter-organizational workflows is the establishment of trustworthiness, which is mostly achieved through non-technical measures, such as legislation, and/or social consent that businesses or organizations pledge themselves to adhere. A business process can only be trustworthy if the behavior of all services in it is trustworthy. Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has defined an open set of specifications for the establishment of trustworthiness through a hardware root-of-trust. This paper has three objectives: firstly, the behavior of individual services in a business process is formally specified. Secondly, to overcome the inherent weaknesses of trust management through software alone, a hardware root of-trust devised by the TCG, is used for the measurement of the behavior of individual services in a business process. Finally, a verification mechanism is detailed through which the trustworthiness of a business process can be verified.


Author(s):  
Youcef Baghdadi ◽  
Naoufel Kraiem

Reverse engineering techniques have become very important within the maintenance process providing several benefits. They retrieve abstract representations that not only facilitate the comprehension of legacy systems but also refactor these representations. Business process archaeology has emerged as a set of techniques and tools to recover business processes from source code and to preserve the existing business functions and rules buried in legacy source code. This chapter presents a reverse engineering process and a tool to retrieve services from running databases. These services are further reused in composing business processes with respect to Service-Oriented Architecture, a new architectural style that promotes agility.


Author(s):  
Masoom Alam ◽  
Mohammad Nauman ◽  
Xinwen Zhang ◽  
Tamleek Ali ◽  
Patrick Hung ◽  
...  

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural paradigm that enables dynamic composition of heterogeneous, independent, multi-vendor business services. A prerequisite for such inter-organizational workflows is the establishment of trustworthiness, which is mostly achieved through non-technical measures, such as legislation, and/or social consent that businesses or organizations pledge themselves to adhere. A business process can only be trustworthy if the behavior of all services in it is trustworthy. Trusted Computing Group (TCG) has defined an open set of specifications for the establishment of trustworthiness through a hardware root-of-trust. This paper has three objectives: firstly, the behavior of individual services in a business process is formally specified. Secondly, to overcome the inherent weaknesses of trust management through software alone, a hardware root of-trust devised by the TCG, is used for the measurement of the behavior of individual services in a business process. Finally, a verification mechanism is detailed through which the trustworthiness of a business process can be verified.


2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (9/2019) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Nowicki ◽  
Adrian Woźniak

Service Oriented Architecture is popular in many organizations. In particular, it has already deeply rooted in large corporations that need to automate entire business processes and implement them in many systems. It has a unique feature that allows unambiguously indicate service that is to realise business process step. That indication is possible to show directly in BPMN diagram. Thus, it is possible to trace which server has used resources to implement the service and how much of those resources were needed. Therefore, it is possible to build an optimization task that, with limited and unreliable resources, will determine such allocation of components to servers and such an algorithm for assigning tasks to them, so that the processes will work as well as possible. The article presents a model of such an optimization task. This model consists of four layers. The Organization Layer describes the system environment – the types and frequency of initiating business process instances. The Integration Layer describes the business processes and indicates the services that should be performed at every step. The Component Layer describes component characteristics and what services they provide. In Server Layer both: server characteristics and runtime environments necessary for the component to run are described. Finally, the optimization task and evaluation criteria are formulated.


Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Yang ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Huahu Xu

In open and changeful Internet, the enterprise business process needs to be organized or restructured dynamically in order to adapt to environment changes and business logic updates. The solution of Web service and service-oriented architecture (SOA) provides a promising approach. The business processes working as a temporary workflow can be composed by distributed services. However, the cross-organizational service feature of business process requires considering not only the functional requirements but also the timed constraints. The timed property plays an important role in service interactions between business processes, such as timed activity, timeout and timed deadlock. Thus, if time requirements cannot be guaranteed, the new created business process will not be acceptable. In this paper, it proposes a framework of using Petri Net to model timed service business process. First, it defines the behavior model of service business process and gives process composition patterns for different structural forms. Second, service model is extended with time specifications, describing timed constraints among business activity interactions. Third, to support further verifications, it introduces a method for the automatic timed properties generation in the form of temporal logic formulae. Our framework gives a reference in practice to formalize service business process into timed service model.


Author(s):  
Mohamed El Amine Chergui ◽  
Sidi Mohamed Benslimane

Several approaches for services development in SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) suggest business processes as a starting point. However, there is a lack of systematic methods for services identification during business analysis. It is recognized that in service engineering, service identification plays a critical role as it lays the foundation for the later phases. Existing Service identification approaches are often prescriptive and mostly ignore automation principles, most are based on the architect's knowledge thus could result in non-optimal designs which results in complicated dependencies between services. In this paper the authors propose a top down approach to identify automatically services from business process by using several design metrics. This approach produces services from business processes as input and using an improved combinatorial particle swarm optimization algorithm with crossover of genetic algorithm. The experimentation denotes that the authors' approach achieves better results in terms of performance and convergence speed.


Author(s):  
Veronica Gacitua-Decar ◽  
Claus Pahl

Increasingly, enterprises are using service-oriented architecture (SOA) as an approach to enterprise application integration (EAI). SOA has the potential to bridge the gap between business and technology and to improve the reuse of existing applications and the interoperability with new ones. In addition to service architecture descriptions, architecture abstractions like patterns and styles capture design knowledge and allow the reuse of successfully applied designs, thus improving the quality of software. Knowledge gained from integration projects can be captured to build a repository of semantically enriched, experience-based solutions. Business patterns identify the interaction and structure between users, business processes, and data. Specific integration and composition patterns at a more technical level address enterprise application integration and capture reliable architecture solutions. We use an ontology-based approach to capture architecture and process patterns. Ontology techniques for pattern definition, extension, and composition are developed and their applicability in business process-driven application integration is demonstrated.


Author(s):  
Rajani Shankar Sadasivam

The integration of large systems remains problematic in spite of advances in composite services approaches, such as Web services and business process technologies. The next challenge in integration is composite process-personalization (CPP), which involves addressing the needs of the interaction worker. An interaction worker participates and drives business processes. As these workers increasingly perform their work from mobile devices, CPP becomes an important area of mobile research. In this chapter, an agent-based approach to composite services development is introduced, addressing the lack of CPP in integration. A case study is used to demonstrate the steps in the agent-based approach.


Author(s):  
Milan Mišovič ◽  
Ivana Rábová

SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) has played in the last two decades a very useful role in the design philosophy of the target software. The basic units of software for which the mentioned philosophy is valid are called services. Generally it is counted that the advance implementation of services is given by using so–called Web services that are on the platform of the Internet 2.0. Naturally, there has been counted also with the fact that the services will be used in software applications designed by professional programmers. Later, the concept of software services was supported by the enterprise concept of the SOE type (Service oriented Enterprise) and by the creation of the SOA paradigm.Many computer scientists, including Thomas Erl – doyen of SOA, do not understand SOA either as an integrated technology or as a development methodology. Proofs of this statement are in the following definitions.SOA is a form of technology architecture that adheres to the principles of service – orientation. When realized through the Web services technology platform, SOA establishes the potential to support and promote these principles throughout the business processes and automation domains of an enterprise (Erl, 2006). Thomas Erl (Erl, 2007) has expressed the idea of SOA implementation using the following definition.SOA establishes an architectural model that aides to enhance the efficiency, agility, and productivity of an enterprise by positioning services as the primary means through which solution logic is represented in support of the realization of strategic goals associated with service-oriented computing. Nevertheless the key principles, on which SOA is constructed (Erl, 2006), are not significantly reflected in any of the previous definitions. Some of the mentioned principles are still included at least in the more free definitions of SOA, for example (Barry, 2003).A service-oriented architecture is essentially a collection of services. These services communicate with each other. The communication can involve either simple data or it could two or more services coordinating some activity. From the above mentioned we can pronounce a brief description of SOA. “SOA is an architectural style for consistency of business process logic and service architecture of the target software.”It is a complex of means for solution of special analysis, design, and integration of enterprise applications based on the use of enterprise services. The service solutions of the classic business process logic are, of course, based on the application of at least seven key principles of SOA (free relations, service contract, autonomy, abstraction, reusing, composition, no states). Key attributes of SOA are verbally described in (Erl, 2006). They are so important that a separate article should be devoted to their nature and formalization. On the other hand, there is also clear that each service solution of business logic should respect the principles published in SOA Manifesto, 2009, which are essentially derived from the key principles of SOA.In many publications there are given the SOA reference models usually composed of several layers (presentation layer, business process layer, composite services layer, application layer) giving a meta idea of SOA implementation. Perfect knowledge of the business process logic is a necessary condition for the development of a proper service solution. The different types of business processes should be described in the necessary details and contexts.Interestingly, the SOA paradigm does not provide its own method of finding and describing business processes by giving a layered transparent business process diagram. On the other hand, the methodology provides deep understanding of not only the characteristics of services, but also their functionality and implementation of the key principles of SOA (Erl, 2006).Let us assume that the required process diagrams can be achieved by using some of the advanced methods and descriptions. Among many other methods and description, we can introduce for example methods as Eriksson–Penker Business Extensions, ARIS, BORM (Business Object Relation Modeling) and description as BPMN (Business Process Modeling Notation).This offers the idea of using these methods and descriptions for the SOA paradigm for the purposes of process models conversion into schemes of services with built-in orchestration. Conversion of transformations should be based on the knowledge of two artifacts. The first is the output artifact – everything what diagram process provides for the target service scheme and the second is the input artifact – all what service schemes need.The issue of conversion transformations is the main topic of this contribution. Their implementation will allow software companies to move forward in the creation of service production and it gives a new view of the enterprise functionality in a service solution to company management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Muhardi Saputra ◽  
Sanny Putra Hendarsyah ◽  
Wahjoe Witjaksono

Small and medium enterprises or commonly referred to as SMEs in Indonesia are business activities that are in great demand after the economic crisis which resulted in the termination of employment (PHK) experienced by most companies. The role of SMEs in the Indonesian economy has now been recognized by the wider community. However, many SMEs in Indonesia are still running their business processes separately, especially in the accounting system, so that the business processes are running poorly, financial transactions that are still recorded and reported manually and separately, sales/purchase account items that are still recorded manually, and there's no system that supports the accounting process for SMEs.The output from this research is an Open Source ERP-based Smart SME system design in the accounting module by embedding the "smart" feature, namely analytic accounting. This design expected to be the standard and best practice in the SME accounting system so that SME's actors can create and get more structured financial reports and can design an integrated system that supports a real-time data management system.The research method used in this research uses the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach. This method also refers to certain services on one platform such as services for making payments, transferring payments, and checking the status of a bank account in one application. In general, all the research processes carried out refer to the step by step of SOA and there must be input and output in designing the business model. This method is used to design business process models and services based on the accounting system problems experienced by SMEs.


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