Investing in IT Security

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Eisenga ◽  
Travis L. Jones ◽  
Walter Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
It Security ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Maximum Threshold

Investing in information technology (IT) security is a critical decision in the digital age. And, in most organizations, it is wise to allocate a significant amount of resources to IT infrastructure. However, it is difficult to determine how much to invest in IT as well as quantifying the maximum threshold where the rate of return of this investment is diminishing. The main research question in this paper is: how much and what financial resources should be allocated to IT security? This paper analyzes different practices and techniques used to determine the calculation for investments in IT security and analyzes and recommend some suitable methods for deciding how much should be invested in IT security.

Methods on Determining the Investment in IT Security

2014 ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Eisenga ◽  
Walter Rodriguez ◽  
Travis L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
It Security ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Investment Allocation ◽  
Almost All

Setting aside capital to invest in Information Technology (IT) security is critical in the current digital age. In almost all large (or small) corporations, it is prudent to allocate a sufficient amount of resources to IT infrastructure. However, it is often difficult to determine at what level it is appropriate to invest in IT security in addition to the point at which the rate of return of this investment begins to diminish. This chapter examines methods to help determine the appropriate investment allocation to IT security in addition to how to apply these methods. It also looks at some of the assumptions and pitfalls of each.

13 Current Media Business Models in the Digital Age – the Takeaways for Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Indjov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The Media

The study seeks an answer to the current problem of the deepening global crisis of classic media business models in the digital age and the need to seek sustainable new forms of financing. This state of the journalistic media, resp. of quality journalism is the result of competition from the Internet and major online platforms, but also from acute financial crises, the most recent one caused by Covid-19. They hit the two market foundations of the media company the hardest – advertising and sales. Financially afflicted media repel citizens and are a direct threat to democracy. Weakened, they fall under external dependence, and cannot control the politicians and those in power; neither can they oppose the viral spread of misinformation and fake news on social media. The main research question is “Is it possible – and in what way – to save the media financially in the digital age?” 13 current media-financing models with an emphasis on digital media have been studied - beyond advertising, classified ads etc., which until recently ensured the well-being of the press and television. Two different media business models were also considered: taz – a successful German left-wing alternative newspaper based on cooperative ownership and a solidary model of attracting readers, and “Capital” – a Bulgarian business-oriented medium that successfully applies new forms of financing. Both editions focus on digital transition. The elements of comparison show that for several reasons the “taz model”, which provides a much more direct and emotional connection with the readership, is not applicable to Bulgaria in the medium term. The main conclusion of the study is that in order to survive in the digital age, journalistic media must have a flexible pluralistic funding model. Depending on the nature of the media, its target groups and the specifics of society, it may contain only part or a wider range of the following main sources of funding: market; state / public funding; structures of civil society and citizens.

INITIAL STEP OF SPECIALIZED CORPORA BUILDING: CLEANING PROCEDURES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Yakubson ◽  
Victor Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Text Processing ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Annotation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Future Work

This paper deals with the specialized corpora building, specifically academic language corpus in the biotechnology field. Being a part of larger research devoted to creation and usage of specialized parallel corpus, this piece aims to analyze the initial step of corpus building. Our main research question was what procedures we need to implement to the texts before using them to develop the corpus. Analysis of previous research showed the significant quantity of papers devoted to corpora creation, including academic specialized corpora. Different sides of the process were analyzed in these researches, including the types of texts used, the principles of crawling, the recommended length of texts etc. As to the text processing for the needs of corpora creation, only the linguistic annotation issues were examined earlier. At the same time, the preliminary cleaning of texts before their usage in corpora may have significant influence on the corpus quality and its utility for the linguistic research. In this paper, we considered three small corpora derived from the same set of academic texts in the biotechnology field: “raw” corpus without any preliminary cleaning and two corpora with different level of cleaning. Using different Sketch Engine tools, we analyzed these corpora from the position of their future users, predominantly as sources for academic wordlists and specialized multi-word units. The conducted research showed very little difference between two cleaned corpora, meaning that only basic cleaning procedures such as removal of reference lists are can be useful in corpora design. At the same time, we found a significant difference between raw and cleaned corpora and argue that this difference can affect the quality of wordlists and multi-word terms extraction, therefore these cleaning procedures are meaningful. The main limitation of the study is that all texts were taken from the unique source, so the conclusions could be affected by this specific journal’s peculiarities. Therefore, the future work should be the verification of results on different text collections

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