13 Current Media Business Models in the Digital Age – the Takeaways for Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Indjov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The Media

The study seeks an answer to the current problem of the deepening global crisis of classic media business models in the digital age and the need to seek sustainable new forms of financing. This state of the journalistic media, resp. of quality journalism is the result of competition from the Internet and major online platforms, but also from acute financial crises, the most recent one caused by Covid-19. They hit the two market foundations of the media company the hardest – advertising and sales. Financially afflicted media repel citizens and are a direct threat to democracy. Weakened, they fall under external dependence, and cannot control the politicians and those in power; neither can they oppose the viral spread of misinformation and fake news on social media. The main research question is “Is it possible – and in what way – to save the media financially in the digital age?” 13 current media-financing models with an emphasis on digital media have been studied - beyond advertising, classified ads etc., which until recently ensured the well-being of the press and television. Two different media business models were also considered: taz – a successful German left-wing alternative newspaper based on cooperative ownership and a solidary model of attracting readers, and “Capital” – a Bulgarian business-oriented medium that successfully applies new forms of financing. Both editions focus on digital transition. The elements of comparison show that for several reasons the “taz model”, which provides a much more direct and emotional connection with the readership, is not applicable to Bulgaria in the medium term. The main conclusion of the study is that in order to survive in the digital age, journalistic media must have a flexible pluralistic funding model. Depending on the nature of the media, its target groups and the specifics of society, it may contain only part or a wider range of the following main sources of funding: market; state / public funding; structures of civil society and citizens.

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to immersive videos and photo slideshows of forest and urban environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Mostajeran ◽  
Jessica Krzikawski ◽  
Frank Steinicke ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Jail Inmates ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Hospital Patients

AbstractA large number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of natural environments on people’s health and well-being. For people who have limited access to nature (e.g., elderly in nursing homes, hospital patients, or jail inmates), virtual representations may provide an alternative to benefit from the illusion of a natural environment. For this purpose and in most previous studies, conventional photos of nature have been used. Immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, however, can induce a higher sense of presence compared to conventional photos. Whether this higher sense of presence leads to increased positive impacts of virtual nature exposure is the main research question of this study. Therefore, we compared exposure to a forest and an urban virtual environment in terms of their respective impact on mood, stress, physiological reactions, and cognition. The environments were presented via a head-mounted display as (1) conventional photo slideshows or (2) 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos. The results show that the forest environment had a positive effect on cognition and the urban environment disturbed mood regardless of the mode of presentation. In addition, photos of either urban or forest environment were both more effective in reducing physiological arousal compared to immersive 360$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ videos.

The Commercial Fourth Estate in the 2014–2019 Election Campaigns

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Mihailova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
European Elections ◽  
Fourth Estate ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Media

The paper presents results of media monitoring during the election campaigns held in Bulgaria between 2014 and 2019 – after the adoption of the new Electoral Code in 2014 until the last local elections in 2019. The main research question is to what extent the media as mediators in the election campaigns know, respect and comply with the legal regulations concerning their activities during such campaigns. The results outline the models of legal socialization of the Fourth Estate in the election campaigns. They also show patterns of compliance and violation of the legal framework. In addition, they reflect the way in which the media work to change the regulations in question. The research sample included between 117 and 180 media service providers in various election campaigns. There were representatives of all media subfields – traditional media, new media, yellow media, brown media, Prokopiev’s media, Peevski’s media, as well as Russian and American “propaganda media”. The period of research includes almost two full election cycles ‒ two parliamentary elections, two European elections, two local elections, and one presidential election which was held after the clear definition of the legal framework for media in the 2014 Electoral Code. No changes were made to this framework during the study and prior to the publication of this paper. This leads to conclusions regarding the electoral legislation and the regulation of the media system in the electoral process.

Investing in IT Security

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Eisenga ◽  
Travis L. Jones ◽  
Walter Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
It Security ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Maximum Threshold

Investing in information technology (IT) security is a critical decision in the digital age. And, in most organizations, it is wise to allocate a significant amount of resources to IT infrastructure. However, it is difficult to determine how much to invest in IT as well as quantifying the maximum threshold where the rate of return of this investment is diminishing. The main research question in this paper is: how much and what financial resources should be allocated to IT security? This paper analyzes different practices and techniques used to determine the calculation for investments in IT security and analyzes and recommend some suitable methods for deciding how much should be invested in IT security.

scholarly journals Impact of Telework On the Perceived Work Environment of Older Workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
René Arvola ◽  
Piia Tint ◽  
Ülo Kristjuhan ◽  
Virve Siirak
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Traditional Work ◽  
Regular Work

Abstract Telework has become a natural part of regular work life of employees who use the information communication technology (ICT). Telework has a potential to support postponing retirement for mental workers. The objective of this research was to find out interaction between senior employees′ teleworking and well-being. The main research question was - can telework improve elderly employees′ well-being? Over 100 respondents from different areas in mental work were involved in a quantitative survey. The results of a conducted survey showed that telework is exaggerated to some extent as teleworkers’ well-being (M = 7.79; SD = 1.28) does not diverge from non-teleworkers′ wellbeing (M = 7.75; SD = 1.40). However, telework can be neither underestimated nor taken as interchangeable with traditional work. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to telework as a different way of working with its specialties. Systematic approach to telework enables companies to employ elderly by providing diversity of work forms.

scholarly journals The Language of Power in the Present-Day Digital Media Discourse and Its Effect on Young People’s Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Alla Guslyakova ◽  
Nina Guslyakova ◽  
Nailya Valeeva ◽  
Irina Vashunina ◽  
Maria Rudneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Net Generation ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The Media ◽  
English Speaking

This study focuses on the notion of power as a way of conceptualisation, representation and functioning in the Russian and English-speaking media discourse and its role in the life of the younger generation of the third millennium. Power and its language have always remained an actual research question of interdisciplinary scientific analysis. However, studying young people’s linguistic and paralinguistic perception of power in the era of digitalisation becomes extremely important due to an empowering role young adults have started playing in modern society employing new media and their discursive communication there. The study regards the theoretical background of the phenomenon of power, based on A. Gramsci’s hegemonic approach. The authors of the research suggest that the media discourse is a hegemonic form of power that maintains its position through the elaboration of a particular worldview, which makes a significant impact on young individuals, the so-called net-generation. The study relies on free-associative and graphic experiments to analyse and perceive “power” concept and its influence on young individuals’ consciousness. Results indicate that both Russian and English-speaking media discourse represents “power” through the prism of anthroponyms as well as toponyms. Besides, the findings of the free-associative experiment, conducted among young adults, demonstrated the dominance of the lexical units belonging to the same grammatical class of words as the stimulus word “power”. Furthermore, a graphic experiment revealed young people’s emotional evaluations of power in media discourse communication. As such, the results suggest that “power” is a natural, complex and multifaceted linguacultural and social phenomenon realised through a variety of linguistic and paralinguistic means, and it produces a dualistic effect on young people’s consciousness through their interaction in the media discourse space.

Meditative Breathing A Catalyst for Positive Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robyn Browne
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Cogenerative Dialogue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Health Distress

<p>The New Zealand government faces substantive challenges in meeting both the health and education needs of a significant number of our children who are vulnerable to alienation and inform the statistics of mental health distress and academic underachievement. The New Zealand Ministry of Education acknowledges that the education system is not meeting the needs of its most disadvantaged young people. This research explored whether a programme of meditative breathing might contribute to the alleviation of this situation by supporting the development of self-regulation and well-being in students. It also sought to enable student agency by adding nuanced student voice to the literature in this field. While there is an increasing number of peer-reviewed studies in this field, there are few studies that encourage the participants to describe their experiences directly in their own words or images. The main research question was ‘What are student’s experience of guided meditative breathing?’ The sub-questions were ‘Does it contribute to their wellbeing?’ and ‘Does it contribute to their learning?’. Students participated in a ten-week programme of daily meditative breathing. Data was collected from the weekly cogenerative dialogue, journals, from a heuristic and teacher recorded reflections with a three-month follow-up. The meditative breathing intervention intervention was described by students and the classroom teacher as leading to a calmer and more peaceful classroom climate. They indicated reduced anxiety, increased clarity of thinking, improved self-regulation and engagement. A number of students described taking the skills that they had learned in the programme and regularly applying them in other contexts. Implications for teachers and teacher training are discussed.</p>

The importance of ecologically oriented social work in solving social problems during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Peter Jusko
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media

The base of this study is Critical Discurs Analysis which deals with argumentation strategies that were recorded in the media public debate in the period March–April 2020 in the Slovak Republic and discusses their connection with the application of eco-social approaches to solving social problems using the example of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The main research question is: What are the eco-social topics linked to solving social problems during the coronavirus pandemic through ecologically oriented social work? On the basis of the presented results these topics are mainly the importance of man’s awareness about our dependence on the environment in which we live created by the topos of disadvantage, that shows short-term positive impact of the pandemic on the environment and it is expected that the situation after pandemic will deteriorate, the support of social cohesion and members of the society and the importance of reducing pressure from the social structures which causes self-exploitation of modern man.

Mechanisms for Understanding Participation in Online File Sharing

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shemroske ◽  
Leiser Silva
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
File Sharing ◽  
Social Mechanism ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
Individual Participation

This study researches behavior associated with online file sharing activities. Specifically, a technology known as ‘Bittorrent' is studied in an auto-observational technique and supported by information gained through forums and blogs to gain insight. The main research question the authors ask is: what are the factors and processes that facilitate an individual's participation in online sharing of copyrighted files? They propose a social mechanism that concentrates on the actions of individuals leading up to and including their participation in a group file sharing activity. A higher level mechanism is then presented which links individual participation with exogenous forces. This research addresses a need for understanding the behaviors of those that choose to participate in online file sharing of copyrighted digital media. Further the proposal of mechanisms presented here may prove fruitful for use in studies beyond the context used here.

scholarly journals Telework and perceived workload: Learnings prior to the COVID-19 upheaval

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Tuuli Turja ◽  
Oxana Krutova ◽  
Harri Melin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Well Being ◽  
National Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Wage Earners ◽  
The Relationship

During COVID-19, telework has become a new form of work for broader groups of workers who were not teleworking prior to the pandemic. In this study, we ask what we will be returning to after COVID-19, if teleworking will become a new norm or if most workplaces will merely return to the old forms of work. The main research question of this study was to estimate the role of telework in perception of workload. More specifically, to gain an understanding of the stakes involved when reorganizing work after the pandemic, we analysed the relationship between perceived workload and opportunities to telework. Multilevel analysis utilized representative national data of wage earners in Finland (N = 4091). The findings showed that the opportunity to telework is associated with lower perceived workload in the capital area but not in the rural areas. More specifically, increasing telework opportunities among different-level workers, particularly in educational and social work in the capital area, would be beneficial in terms of increasing well-being at work. There could be good reasons for organizations to reject returning to the status quo ex ante after COVID-19 and to consider the new norm, where opportunities to telework are offered to wider worker groups.

scholarly journals Does the 'old' media's coverage of religion matter in times of 'digital' religion?

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 204-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Taira
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Media Convergence ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

The study of digital religion and religion in the ‘new’ media, especially in tracing the transformation of communities, ideas, practices and forms of interaction which people tend to classify as religious, has already proved fruitful. What is not well-justified is the assumption that the ‘old’ media does not really matter anymore. This is something to be examined, although the structures and business models of the mainstream media are changing because of the ‘new’, digital media. Furthermore, we need to explore the interactions between ‘old’ and ‘new’ media, what emerges from their convergence, and start theorising about its implications in the context of religion. Some of the things that will be dealt with apply to the media in general. Only some are religion-specific. However, the intention is not to repeat what media scholars have already said about intermediality, media convergence and the relationship between ‘old’ and ‘new’ media. The reflections shared here are rather based on empirical research of religion in the media, especially in the ‘old’ mainstream mass media in Britain and Finland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document