Attitude Measurement for Underground Self-Walking Tunneling

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 1749-1752
Author(s):  
Hong Hu Wei ◽  
Yan Bao
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Attitude Measurement ◽  
Underground Pipeline ◽  
Orientation Measurement ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
National Science ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Plan National

Self-walking tunneling is at present the most advanced technology to underground pipeline construction. One of the difficulties is orientation measuring technology, that involves if tunneling can keep along with designed line. There is no mature method for self-walking tunnelling. This paper, based on the eleventh five-year plan national science and technology subject, comprehensive utilization of total station and rangefinder and combination with the characteristics of the tunneller, researches a set of practical and low cost measurement method. The application shows that the method meets with the need of orientation measurement to curve tunneling.

scholarly journals Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma P. Fischer ◽  
Martin C. Fischer ◽  
David Grass ◽  
Isaac Henrion ◽  
Warren S. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Optical Measurement Method

AbstractMandates for mask use in public during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have applied a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. We compare a variety of commonly available mask types and observe that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck fleece or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by non-experts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.

Spinning projectile’s attitude measurement using intersection ratio of magnetic sensors

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Xiongzhu Bu ◽  
Chao Xiang ◽  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Attitude Measurement ◽  
Characteristic Ratio ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Attitude Angle

Concerning on the problem of low measuring precision of the current micro-inertial sensors, a novel attitude measurement method is proposed to dismiss the drift for remarkable attitude error. According to the output of the onboard three-axis magnetic sensor in the process of projectile flight, a low-cost attitude detection system is designed by using the intersection ratio of the sensor. First, the output model of the onboard three-axis magnetic sensor is established. The mathematical relationship between the characteristic ratio of magnetic sensor output and the pitch angle is then derived. Then, the solution and correction algorithm of the attitude angles are studied. Finally, the effectiveness of the attitude measurement method has been validated by carrying out the semi-physical experiments. The experimental results indicate that the error of attitude angles is within ±1° and the attitude angle error of the combined magnetic sensors is not cumulative. Meanwhile, the geomagnetic field strength is dispensable during the whole calculation process. Compared with the “Zero Crossing Method”, the proposed method has shown a nearly two-times higher accuracy and has no limitation of “MAGSONDE window”. What is more, this method proves to be more simple and has a doubled update rate in attitude angle calculation.

scholarly journals Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (36) ◽  
pp. eabd3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma P. Fischer ◽  
Martin C. Fischer ◽  
David Grass ◽  
Isaac Henrion ◽  
Warren S. Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Mandates for mask use in public during the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, worsened by global shortage of commercial supplies, have led to widespread use of homemade masks and mask alternatives. It is assumed that wearing such masks reduces the likelihood for an infected person to spread the disease, but many of these mask designs have not been tested in practice. We have demonstrated a simple optical measurement method to evaluate the efficacy of masks to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets during regular speech. In proof-of-principle studies, we compared a variety of commonly available mask types and observed that some mask types approach the performance of standard surgical masks, while some mask alternatives, such as neck gaiters or bandanas, offer very little protection. Our measurement setup is inexpensive and can be built and operated by nonexperts, allowing for rapid evaluation of mask performance during speech, sneezing, or coughing.

scholarly journals Evaluation and application of a low-cost measurement network to study intra-urban temperature differences during summer 2018 in Bern, Switzerland

Urban Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 100817
Author(s):  
Moritz Gubler ◽  
Andreas Christen ◽  
Jan Remund ◽  
Stefan Brönnimann
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Measurement

Ultrasonic measurement of clamping force for injection molding machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Yao Zhao ◽  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
Junye Huang ◽  
Neng Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Molding Process

AbstractAn online and feasible clamping force measurement method is important in the injection molding process and equipment. Based on the sono-elasticity theory, anin situclamping force measurement method using ultrasonic technology is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model is established to describe the relationship between the ultrasonic propagation time, mold thickness, and clamping force. A series of experiments are performed to verify the proposed method. Experimental findings show that the measurement results of the proposed method agree well with those of the magnetic enclosed-type clamping force tester method, with difference squares less than 2 (MPa)2and errors bars less than 0.7 MPa. The ultrasonic method can be applied in molds of different thickness, injection molding machines of different clamping scales, and large-scale injection cycles. The proposed method offers advantages of being highly accurate, highly stable, simple, feasible, non-destructive, and low-cost, providing significant application prospects in the injection molding industry.

On-site determination of formaldehyde: A low cost measurement device for museum environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 623 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Gibson ◽  
W.J. Kerr ◽  
A. Nordon ◽  
J. Reglinski ◽  
C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Cost Measurement
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