Variation Characteristics of Artificial Grassland Carbon Storage in the Underground

For a better understanding of the dynamics of rehabilitated grassland, carbon storage in the underground including soil and roots were studied in a space series of replaced time courses.Soil organic carbon (SOC) of the 0-100cm layer increased with the addition of restoration years.It was much more than the average of 4.46-9.95 kg m-2 in central Plateau. SOC in surface soil (layer 0-20cm) fell slightly in early stage (0-2a) and then rose rapidly. In 30a, the increase amplitude turned to be 123% and it reached the maxmum.SOC in this layer was significantly correlated with an average value for the whole 0-100 cm profile.So SOC storage, in the 0-100cm layer, can be well estimated using values for the 0-20 cm layer. Alfalfa underground biomass carbon storage rose first and then reduced. It reached the maxmum in 10a. The carbon storage of weed roots increased continuously and was still less than that of alfalfa roots in 30a.

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The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in hydroameliorated soil and drainage water and their uptake by plants

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4387-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 401-406

Author(s):

I. Šimunić ◽

F. Tomić ◽

I. Kisić ◽

M. Romić

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Plant Material ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Trial Period ◽

Soil Drainage ◽

Average Value ◽

Surface Soil Layer

The goal of the investigations was to assess the average contents of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the surface soil layer (0–30 cm), in drainage water and their uptake by growing plants, in the experimental amelioration field for four different variants of drainpipe spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 m) during the three-year period. Maize and winter wheat were grown in all variants throughout the trial period. In all variants of drainpipe spacing, heavy metals in soil, drainage water and plant material were within the limits. The highest average level of Pb was 13.5 mg/kg, Zn 88 mg/kg and Cd 0.7 mg/kg in soil. Drainage water concentration of heavy metals was below 50 µg/dm3 for Pb, below 2 µg/dm3 for Cd, while the highest average value of Zn amounted to 20 µg/dm3. In grain of the crops grown, the concentration of Pb was below 0.4 mg.kg–1 and that of Cd below 0.1 mg/kg.

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Outflows of Organic Halide Precursors from Forest Regions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0192 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1877-1880 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Saito ◽

K. Hattori ◽

T. Okumura

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Basin ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Organic Halide ◽

Forest Regions ◽

Surface Soil Layer

Outflows of organic halide precursors (OXPs) from forest regions were studied in relation to water quality monitoring in the Yodo River basin. Firstly, the contribution of outflows from forest regions relative to the total was roughly estimated. Then equations for flows of these substances were formulated, divided into four different subflow categories: precipitation; throughfall; surface soil layer; and, deep soil layer. Finally, annual outflow loads were calculated for a test forest area.

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Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03026-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lei Feng ◽

Wanli Xu ◽

Guangmu Tang ◽

Meiying Gu ◽

Zengchao Geng

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

System Architecture ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Nitrogen Assimilation ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Root System Architecture ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Surface Soil Layer

Abstract Background Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. Results Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0–10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. Conclusion Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.

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Centrifuge model experiments and granular element simulation on deformation of surface soil layer caused by the large displacement of reverse fault

Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics ◽

10.1201/b17435-58 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 353-358

Author(s):

K Sassa ◽

K Kaneko ◽

S Nozoe ◽

A Yamamoto ◽

N Oyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Large Displacement ◽

Reverse Fault ◽

Model Experiments ◽

Centrifuge Model ◽

Element Simulation ◽

Surface Soil Layer

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Prediction of the chrome distribution in subarctic Noyabrsk using co-kriging, generalized regression neural network, multilayer perceptron, and hybrid technics

Геоэкология Инженерная геология Гидрогеология Геокриология ◽

10.31857/s0869-78092019277-86 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 77-86

Author(s):

A. G. Buevich ◽

I. E. Subbotina ◽

A. V. Shichkin ◽

A. P. Sergeev ◽

E. M. Baglaeva

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Multilayer Perceptron ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Generalized Regression Neural Network ◽

Residual Kriging ◽

Surface Soil Layer ◽

Artificial Neural ◽

Generalized Regression

Combination of geostatistical interpolation (kriging) and machine learning (artificial neural networks, ANN) methods leads to an increase in the accuracy of forecasting. The paper considers the application of residual kriging of an artificial neural network to predicting the spatial contamination of the surface soil layer with chromium (Cr). We reviewed and compared two neural networks: the generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and multilayer perceptron (MLP), as well as the combined method: multilayer perceptron residual kriging (MLPRK). The study is based on the results of the screening of the surface soil layer in the subarctic Noyabrsk, Russia. The models are developed based on computer modeling with minimization of the RMSE. The MLPRK model showed the best prognostic accuracy.

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Estimating Soil Heat Flux at Surface Soil Layer

DAAAM Proceedings - Proceedings of the 22nd International DAAAM Symposium 2011 ◽

10.2507/22nd.daaam.proceedings.215 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 0433-0434

Author(s):

Milan Hofreiter

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Heat Flux ◽

Surface Soil Layer

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The statistical structure of the field of surface soil layer moisture from ground-based and satellite observations

Russian Meteorology and Hydrology ◽

10.3103/s1068373917060061 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 403-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ph. L. Bykov ◽

E. V. Vasilenko ◽

V. A. Gordin ◽

L. L. Tarasova

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Statistical Structure ◽

Surface Soil Layer

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Fertilization of high-yield corn with poultry litter based on nitrogen doses

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000300009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 342-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽

Marco André Grohskopf ◽

Agostinho Rebellatto ◽

Amanda Zolet Rigo ◽

Arlei Coldebella

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Corn Crop ◽

Surface Soil Layer ◽

N Requirement

Abstract: The objective of this work was to recommend nitrogen doses from poultry litter-based organic fertilizers in powder and pellet forms, compared with mineral fertilizer, in a high-yield corn crop under no-tillage. The treatments consisted of a 3×3+1 factorial arrangement, with: three fertilizers, two organic derived from poultry litter in powder (OPo) and pelletized (OPe) forms and one mineral fertilizer (M); three N doses of 65, 100, and 135% of the recommended N requirement for corn; and an unfertilized control. After five corn crops farmed under no-tillage in a Rhodic Kandiudox, the recommended doses for fertilization with poultry litter organic fertilizers, with an expected yield equal to or greater than 8,000 kg ha-1, could be achieved from doses of 100 kg ha-1 N in OPe and M and of 121 kg ha-1 N in OPo. Increasing doses of the OPe, OPo, and M fertilizers raise the contents of organic carbon, N, and available P in the surface soil layer (0.0-0.1 m) and of exchangeable K up to a depth of 0.2 m, allowing to obtain N, P, and K contents in the plant tissue within the sufficiency range of the corn crop.

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