Hot Processing Maps and Workability Characteristics of As-Cast 42CrMo Steel during Hot Compression

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng Qin ◽  
Yong Tang Li ◽  
Hui Ping Qi ◽  
Shi Wen Du
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
42Crmo Steel ◽  
Flow Stress Data

In order to investigate the thermal forming behavior of as-cast 42CrMo steel, the isothermal compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator in the deformation temperature ranging from 850 to 1150°C with an interval of 100°C, the strain rate ranging from 0.05 to 5s-1 and the height reduction of 60%. On the basis of the flow stress data, dynamic materials model (DMM) and Prasad's instability criterion, the processing maps for as-cast 42CrMo steel were constructed at the strains of 0.4 and 0.6. The safe and unsafe areas and the corresponding deformation regimes were predicted during hot working, which are verified through the microstructure observation. The results indicate that the safe zones in the temperature range of 850~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.35s-1, which exhibit the dynamic recovery and recrystallization. However, the flow instability domains are in the domain of deformation temperatures 850~1150°C and strain rate higher than 0.35s-1. Typical microstructure of instability is cracking, which should be avoided so as to obtain desired mechanical properties in hot processing. Finally, the forging parameters were predicted and optimized accurately by the processing maps, the temperature range of 1050~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.1s-1 were recommended as the optimum deformation conditions for hot processing of as-cast 42CrMo steel.

Deformation Heating and Its Effect on the Processing Maps of Ti-15-3 Titanium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Jing Qi Zhang ◽  
Hong Shuang Di ◽  
Xiao Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Deformation Heating ◽  
Instability Criteria ◽  
Flow Stress Data

In the present study, deformation heating generated by plastic deformation and its effect on the processing maps of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy were investigated. For this purpose, hot compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator in the temperature range of 850-1150 °C and strain rate range of 0.001-10 s1. The temperature rise due to deformation heating was calculated and the as-measured flow curves were corrected for deformation heating. Using the as-measured and corrected flow stress data, the processing maps for Ti-15-3 titanium alloy at a strain of 0.5 were developed on the basis Murty‘s and Babu’s instability criteria. The results show that both the instability maps based the two instability criteria are essentially similar and are characterized by an unstable region occurring at strain rates higher than 0.1 s1for almost the entire temperature range tested. The unstable regions are overestimated from the as-measured data due to the effect of deformation heating, indicating a better workability after correcting the effect of deformation heating. This is further conformed by the analysis based on strain rate sensitivity.

Flow Behavior and Workability of a Zn-8Cu-0.2Cr Alloy during Hot Deformation

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1257-1261
Author(s):  
Sheng Li Guo ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Xiao Ping Wu ◽  
De Fu Li
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Temperature Range

The hot deformation behavior of Zn91.8-Cu8-Cr0.2 (in wt.%) was investigated by means of hot compression tests in the temperature range of 230-380 °C and strain rate range of 0.01 - 10 s-1. The constitutive equation and processing maps were developed. The influence of strain on the flow stress was studied by considering the effect of the strain on material constants. The stress-strain curves obtained by the constitutive equation are in good agreement with experimental results. The proposed constitutive equations can be used for the analysis problem of hot forming processes. The processing maps have exhibited a domain, which is optimum processing window for hot working, in the temperature range of 310 - 380 °C and strain rate range of 0.01-1 s-1 corresponding to the higher efficiency of power dissipation. The large regime of flow instability is observed at high strain rate. The instability regime should be avoided during hot deformation processing.

scholarly journals The Investigation on Flow Behavior of Powder Metallurgy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al Alloy Using the Prasad Stability Criterion

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 5314-5323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystian Zyguła ◽  
Marek Wojtaszek ◽  
Oleksandr Lypchanskyi ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Grzegorz Korpała ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests

Abstract The hot deformation behavior of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy obtained by the powder metallurgy (PM) method was investigated. Material for the research was produced by blending of elemental powders followed by uniaxial hot pressing. Thermomechanical tests of Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al compacts were carried out to determinate the stress-strain relationships at the temperature range of 800 °C to 1000 °C and strain rate between 0.01 and 10 s−1. Based on the dynamic material model (DMM) theory, processing maps at constant strain value were developed using data obtained from hot compression tests. The processing maps were elaborated for the final strain value, which was 0.9, and with flow instability criterion domains applied to it. Two critical regions associated with the flow behavior of the investigated material were revealed. Microstructural changes during hot deformation at various temperatures and strain rates were discussed. The correlation between calculated efficiency of power dissipation, flow instability criterion, and microstructure evolution was determined. The presence of defects was confirmed in regions predicted by the instability maps. The microstructure of the investigated alloy, corresponding to the high efficiency of power dissipation characterized by the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) phenomena, was also shown. Additionally, average hardness values in relation to variable process parameters were designated. Based on the conducted studies and analysis, processing windows for Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy compacts were proposed.

Development of Processing Maps for 3003 Al Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Qing Chen ◽  
Gao Sheng Fu ◽  
Wen Duan Yan ◽  
Chao Zeng Cheng ◽  
Ze Chang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Isothermal Compression ◽  
Instability Domain ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

The 3003 Al alloy was deformed by isothermal compression in the range of deformation temperature 300-500 °C at strain rate 0.0l-10.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. Processing maps at a strain of 0.6 for hot working were developed on a dynamic materials model. The maps exhibit a flow instability domain at about 300 °C-380 °C and 1.0-10.0 s-1. DRX occurs extensively in the temperature range of 450-500 °C and at the strain rate of 10.0 s-1. The optimum parameters of hot working for 3003 Al alloy at the strain of 0.6 are confined at 500 °C and 10.0 s-1 with the highest efficiency (37%).

Development of Processing Map for Superplastic Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Abdul Wahed ◽  
Amit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nitin Ramesh Kotkunde ◽  
Swadesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Superplastic Deformation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Instability Map ◽  
Flow Stress Data

A processing map plays a major role in indicating safe and failure regions of a process conducted in a hot working regime. It also shows the response of a material, by indicating changes in the microstructural evolution through temperature. In the present study, a processing map has been developed depending on the flow stress data of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet in a strain rate range of 10−2 /s to 10−4 /s and over a temperature range of 700°C to 900°C in order to identify the presence of superplasticity region. The flow stress data have been acquired on the basis of temperature, strain and strain rate by conducting hot uniaxial tensile tests. Based on this, a power dissipation map is obtained to show the percentage of efficiency, as it is directly related to the amount of internal entropy produced. In addition, an instability map is also obtained, as it identifies the flow instability that are to be avoided during hot working process. Finally, a processing map has been established by overlaying instability map on efficiency map. The results clearly reveal that the superplastic deformation occurs within a temperature range of 750°C to 900°C at a strain rate of 10−4 /s, without any flow instability in this region.

scholarly journals Theoretical-Experimental Analysis of the Workability of the Ni50Cr45N0.6 alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
A. Łukaszek-Sołek ◽  
A. Świątoniowski ◽  
K. Celadyn ◽  
J. Sińczak
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests

Abstract In this paper, the results of investigations into, and of the analyses of, the hot deformation behaviour of the Ni50Cr45N0.6 alloy were presented. Compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator within the following temperatures range 850-1200°C and within that of the strain rate 1-40 s-1 to the constant true strain of 0.9, for the purpose of fulfilling the objective of obtaining experimental stress date. Those data were taken advantage of for the purpose of calculating the workability parameters, and that means the efficiency of power dissipation η, the flow instability ξ and the strain rate sensitivity m. The processing maps based upon Murty’s criterion were drawn up for the following true strain range: 0.2-0.9, and, subsequently, both processing windows and the flow instability areas were determined. For the alloy being analysed, the most advantageous conditions of metal forming were ascertained within the following range of temperatures: 950-1000°C, and for that of the strain rate amounting to 10-40 s-1, and that because of (occurring at the temperature of 950°C) the peak of the efficiency of power dissipation parameter η, amounting to 22% (in accordance with Murty’s criterion). The flow instability areas identified on the processing maps ought to be avoided in metal forming processes. Experimental rolling tests were also conducted.

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of 7050 Aluminum Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Juan Guo ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Xin Yun Wang ◽  
Jun Song Jin ◽  
Wen Wu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Hot Deformation Behavior ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Working Region

The hot deformation behavior of 7050aluminum alloy was investigated by hot compression tests in the temperature range of 573-773K and the strain rate ranging from 0.001s-1to 10 s-1.The flow curves showed that the flow stresses increase with the increase of strain rate or the decrease of temperature.In order to determine the optimal processing conditions, hot processing maps were established based on experimental data and Dynamic Materials Model. The processing maps indicate that instability occur at low temperature and high strain rate. The optimum hot working region is the domain in the temperature range of 673-723K and strain rate range of 0.001-0.01 s-1,where typical recrystallization was observed in the optical microstructures.

Processing Maps for TC18 Titanium Alloy Deformed in α+β Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3423-3426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Temperature Range

The hot deformation characteristics of TC18 titanium alloy were studied in the temperature range 750-850°C and strain rate range 0.001-1 s-1 by using hot compression tests. Processing maps for hot working are developed on the basis of the variations of efficiency of power dissipation with temperature and strain rate. The results reveal that the flow stress of TC18 is sensitive to strain rate. Processing map at stain of 0.6 reveals two domains: one is centered at 750°C and 0.001s-1; another is centered at 850°C and 0.001s-1. The maximum efficiency is more than 60%. According to the maps, the zone with the temperature range of 750-850°C and strain rate range of 0.01-0.001s-1 may be suitable for hot working

Deformation and Workability Evaluation of GW103K Magnesium Alloy in Hot Compression

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Xu Yu ◽  
Shi Yi Wang ◽  
Qiong Tang ◽  
Xiao Qin Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Condition ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Gleeble 3500 ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

Gleeble 3500 thermo mechanical simulator was used to perform hot compression tests of GW103K (Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.6Zr) magnesium alloy at a temperature range of 573K-723K and strain rates of 0.001-1. The workability of the alloy can be evaluated by means of processing maps on the basis of dynamic materials model (DMM) and the superior processing condition is selected. Combining true compression stress-strain curves with the results of microstructure observation, it was found that the peak stress decreased observably as the decrease of strain rate and the increase of deformation temperature. Constitutive equation is built to reveal the accurate relationship among flow stress, temperature and strain rate.

Hot Deformation and Processing Maps of 7005 Aluminum Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingliang Wang ◽  
Peipeng Jin ◽  
Jinhui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Instability Map ◽  
Flow Stress Data ◽  
Corrected Flow ◽  
Microstructural Examination

AbstractThe deformation behavior of 7005 alloy was studied by hot compression tests. The processing map was constructed by superimposing the instability map over the power dissipation map at a strain of 0.7 using the corrected flow stress data to eliminate the effect of friction. Microstructural examination was performed for validation. It can be found that the flow stresses increase with the decrease of deformation temperature or the increase of strain rate. At the relatively high strain rates, the material exhibits flow instability manifesting as adiabatic shear bands or flow localization. A large volume of coarse precipitations distributing in the grain boundaries in one of the peak efficiency domains: 275–325 °C/0.0005–0.001 s−1, which may result in inter-granular corrosion and spalling layer, should be avoided in the final deformed alloy. The optimum hot working domain is the temperature range of 400–450 °C and strain rate range of 0.0005–0.005 s−1, at which DRX is identified.

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