Development of Processing Maps for 3003 Al Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Qing Chen ◽  
Gao Sheng Fu ◽  
Wen Duan Yan ◽  
Chao Zeng Cheng ◽  
Ze Chang Zou
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Isothermal Compression ◽  
Instability Domain ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

The 3003 Al alloy was deformed by isothermal compression in the range of deformation temperature 300-500 °C at strain rate 0.0l-10.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator. Processing maps at a strain of 0.6 for hot working were developed on a dynamic materials model. The maps exhibit a flow instability domain at about 300 °C-380 °C and 1.0-10.0 s-1. DRX occurs extensively in the temperature range of 450-500 °C and at the strain rate of 10.0 s-1. The optimum parameters of hot working for 3003 Al alloy at the strain of 0.6 are confined at 500 °C and 10.0 s-1 with the highest efficiency (37%).

Study on Hot Processing Maps and Flow Instability of 1235 Al Alloy Treated by Different Methods of Purification

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 1870-1877
Author(s):  
Gao Sheng Fu ◽  
Wen Duan Yan ◽  
Hong Ling Chen ◽  
Gui Qing Chen ◽  
Chao Zeng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Optimum Processing ◽  
Lower Strain ◽  
Power Dissipation Efficiency ◽  
Higher Temperature

Based on the theory of processing map proposed by PRASAD, the power dissipation maps, the hot deformation instability maps and the hot processing maps of 1235 Al alloys treated by different methods of purification were built, and the effects of purification and deformation conditions at elevated-temperature on hot workability of 1235 Al alloy were analyzed. At the same time the optimum processing region and flow instability region were determined. The results show that the hot processing map of 1235 Al alloy has two instability zones in the temperature range of 300-500°C and in the strain rate ranging from 0.01s-1to 10.0s-1up to a true strain of 0.7, that is, one zone lying in the range of lower temperature and higher strain rate, the other zone in the range of higher temperature and mid strain rate. The purification effect has significant impact on hot workability of the alloy. It is found that the optimum processing region of 1235 Al alloy treated by high-efficient purification treatment is present in the range of higher temperature and lower strain rate zone, and its power dissipation efficiency is about 46%; while the optimum processing region of 1235 Al alloys treated by conventional refining treatment is present in the range of mid-temperature and lower strain rate zone or in the range of higher temperature and strain rate zone, and its power dissipation efficiency is about 23-29%. The results of observation of the deformation microstructure of 1235 Al alloy are in accordance with that of the hot processing maps of the alloy, thus showing that the calculation results of the hot processing maps are reliable.

Hot Processing Maps and Workability Characteristics of As-Cast 42CrMo Steel during Hot Compression

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 930-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Cheng Qin ◽  
Yong Tang Li ◽  
Hui Ping Qi ◽  
Shi Wen Du
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Instability Criterion ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Microstructure Observation ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
42Crmo Steel ◽  
Flow Stress Data

In order to investigate the thermal forming behavior of as-cast 42CrMo steel, the isothermal compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-1500D thermal mechanical simulator in the deformation temperature ranging from 850 to 1150°C with an interval of 100°C, the strain rate ranging from 0.05 to 5s-1 and the height reduction of 60%. On the basis of the flow stress data, dynamic materials model (DMM) and Prasad's instability criterion, the processing maps for as-cast 42CrMo steel were constructed at the strains of 0.4 and 0.6. The safe and unsafe areas and the corresponding deformation regimes were predicted during hot working, which are verified through the microstructure observation. The results indicate that the safe zones in the temperature range of 850~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.35s-1, which exhibit the dynamic recovery and recrystallization. However, the flow instability domains are in the domain of deformation temperatures 850~1150°C and strain rate higher than 0.35s-1. Typical microstructure of instability is cracking, which should be avoided so as to obtain desired mechanical properties in hot processing. Finally, the forging parameters were predicted and optimized accurately by the processing maps, the temperature range of 1050~1150°C and strain rate of 0.05~0.1s-1 were recommended as the optimum deformation conditions for hot processing of as-cast 42CrMo steel.

Tensile Testing of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Superplasticity

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Aksenov ◽  
Eugene N. Chumachenko ◽  
Irina V. Logashina
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Stress And Strain Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

This paper presents the research on the flow characteristics of the Ti-6V-4Al alloy in wide ranges of temperature (725 ‑ 950 °C) and strain rate (10-5 ‑ 10-2 s-1). The material processing maps were constructed based on the basis of dynamic materials model (DMM) developed by Prassad and modified by Narayana Murty. For the construction of such maps the data of the material flow stress at different temperatures and strain rates is necessary. To obtain such data the stepped tensile tests which allow obtaining the stress - strain rate dependence at a given temperature are ideal. The experiments conducted consist of the tensile test series at various temperatures with stepped change of the deformation rate. By the results of these tests the constitutive equations, which describe relationship between stress and strain rate for each temperature, were obtained. The data was analyzed in terms of the two different approaches proposed by Prassad and Narayana Murty to assess the impact of deformation conditions on the formability and flow stability of the material. Based on these approaches, the processing maps, which enable identifying the conditions of the Ti-6V-4Al alloy superplasticity, were constructed.

Hot Compression Deformation Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-0.2Cu-0.2Zr Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Jian Liang He ◽  
Da Tong Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Cheng Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Peak Stress ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Hot Compression ◽  
Processing Maps ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Instability Domain

Hot compression tests of as-homogenized Al-7.5Zn-1.5Mg-0.2Cu-0.2Zr alloy were carried out on Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation machine at the temperature ranging from 350°C to 550°C and strain rate ranging from 0.001s-1 to 10s-1. Processing maps were established on the basis of dynamic material model, and the microstructure was studied using electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results showed that the peak stress and steady flow stress decrease with decreasing strain rate or increasing deformation temperature. There are one peak efficiency domain and one flow instability domain in the processing maps. The flow instability domain which exists in high-strain-rate region becomes larger with increasing strain. Shear bands occur at 45° toward the compression axis at grain interiors and meanwhile flow localization occurs. The optimum deformation temperature and strain rate ranges from 450°C to 500°C and 0.003s-1 to 0.1s-1, respectively, with high power dissipation efficiency of 34-39%.

The Optimal Selection of Extrusion Parameters of As-Cast TC27 Titanium Alloy Based on Processing-Map

2017 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 1134-1139
Author(s):  
Xue Fei Li ◽  
Ai Xue Sha ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Li Jun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model ◽  
Selection Of

The hot deformation behavior of TC27 titanium alloy at the temperatures of 900-1150 °C and the strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1, the height reduction of 70%, was investigated in the isothermal compression test to identify the optimal extrusion parameters. The processing-map of TC27 titanium alloy was constructed based on dynamic materials model (DMM) and principle of Prasad*s instability. The conclusion shows that temperature and strain rate of deformation had a great influence on flow stress. At the beginning of deformation, the flow stress increased quickly with the augment of true strain and decreased slowly after flow stress reaching to the maximum value. Finally, flow stress tended to relatively stable condition. The flow stress decreased with the increase of temperature and increased with the increase of strain rate. The TC27 titanium alloy was sensitive to temperature and strain rate. Processing-map exhibited two peak efficiencies of power dissipation; one peak was 49% at 900°C/0.01 s-1, which dynamic recovery occured. The other peak was also 49% at 1050 °C /0.01s-1, which dynamic recrystallization occured in the domain. Besides, there were two instability areas in the processing-map which should be avoided during the extrusion. Therefore, in order to obtain the satisfactory properties, the parameters that 1050 °C and 0.01 s-1 were selected in the extrusion.

High Temperature Deformation Mechanisms and Processing Map for Hot Working of Cast-Homogenized Mg-3Sn-2Ca Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3616-3621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Rao ◽  
Y.V.R.K. Prasad ◽  
Norbert Hort ◽  
Karl Ulrich Kainer
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
High Temperature Deformation ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Compression Tests

The hot working behavior of Mg-3Sn-2Ca alloy has been investigated in the temperature range 300–500 oC and strain rate range 0.0003–10 s-1, with a view to evaluate the mechanisms and optimum parameters of hot working. For this purpose, a processing map has been developed on the basis of the flow stress data obtained from compression tests. The stress-strain curves exhibited steady state behavior at strain rates lower than 0.01 s-1 and at temperatures higher than 350 oC and flow softening occurred at higher strain rates. The processing map exhibited two dynamic recrystallization domains in the temperature and strain rate ranges: (1) 300–420 oC and 0.0003–0.003 s-1, and (2) 420–500 oC and 0.003–1.0 s-1, the latter one being useful for commercial hot working. Kinetic analysis yielded apparent activation energy values of 161 and 175 kJ/mole in domains (1) and (2) respectively. These values are higher than that for self-diffusion in magnesium suggesting that the large volume fraction of intermetallic particles CaMgSn present in the matrix generates considerable back stress. The processing map reveals a wide regime of flow instability which gets reduced with increase in temperature or decrease in strain rate.

Development of Processing Maps for Coiled Tubing Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 955-959
Author(s):  
Zhen Dong Zhang ◽  
Hai Tao Zhou ◽  
Xiang Hua Liu ◽  
Si Jun Li ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Stable Region ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Hot Compression Test ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

Hot compression test of coiled tubing steel is performed on Gleeble3500 at 1123K—1373K and strain rate from 0.001 to 5s-1. The hot deformation behavior of coiled tubing steel was characterized using processing map developed on the basis of the dynamic materials model. The processing map gives the flow instable region and the flow stable region in which the process of dynamic recovery (DRV) and the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occur. In the processing map, the variation of the efficiency of the power dissipation is plotted as a function of temperature and the strain rate. According to the processing map, the coiled tubing steel is rolled by The Thermo-Mechanical-Control-Process (TMCP), and finally it is obtained that the yield strength and tensile strength of coiled tubing steel are 565MPa and 685MPa respectively, and the elongation percentage is 32.1%.

High Temperature Deformation Behaviour and Processing Maps of AZ81 Magnesium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Min Liao ◽  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Si Yuan Long ◽  
Han Xue Cao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Processing Maps

The hot compression deformation behavior of AZ81 magnesium alloy was studied with Gleeble-1500 thermal simulation machine at the strain rate of 0.003 ~ 3.0s-1 and temperature of 340 ~ 430 °C. The results show that, the flow stress decreases when the deformation temperature increases and strain rate decreases; the peak stress increases with decrease of the temperature and the increase of the strain rate; the critical strain that comes into stable phase increases obviously. It is that the high temperature flow stress model of AZ81 magnesium alloy is constructed by introduceing Zener-Hollomon parameters, its average deformation activation energy is 169.48 kJ / mol. Processing maps of AZ81 magnesium alloy is also calculated and analyzed by the dynamic model of the material. Useing hot deformation processing maps, the flow instability zone is determined and the best process parameters access to the test parameters during hot deformation are as follow: thermal processing temperature range of 380 °C ~ 420 °C, strain rate range of 0.01 ~ 0.03 S-1.

Development of Processing Map for Superplastic Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Abdul Wahed ◽  
Amit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nitin Ramesh Kotkunde ◽  
Swadesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Superplastic Deformation ◽  
Processing Map ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Instability Map ◽  
Flow Stress Data

A processing map plays a major role in indicating safe and failure regions of a process conducted in a hot working regime. It also shows the response of a material, by indicating changes in the microstructural evolution through temperature. In the present study, a processing map has been developed depending on the flow stress data of Ti-6Al-4V alloy sheet in a strain rate range of 10−2 /s to 10−4 /s and over a temperature range of 700°C to 900°C in order to identify the presence of superplasticity region. The flow stress data have been acquired on the basis of temperature, strain and strain rate by conducting hot uniaxial tensile tests. Based on this, a power dissipation map is obtained to show the percentage of efficiency, as it is directly related to the amount of internal entropy produced. In addition, an instability map is also obtained, as it identifies the flow instability that are to be avoided during hot working process. Finally, a processing map has been established by overlaying instability map on efficiency map. The results clearly reveal that the superplastic deformation occurs within a temperature range of 750°C to 900°C at a strain rate of 10−4 /s, without any flow instability in this region.

Characterization of Hot Workability of Boron-Added Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel (P91B) Using Dynamic Materials Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Marimuthu Arvinth Davinci ◽  
Dipti Samantaray ◽  
Utpal Borah ◽  
Shaju K. Albert ◽  
Arun Kumar Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Processing Map ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Hot Workability ◽  
Isothermal Compression ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Materials ◽  
Dynamic Materials Model

Elevated temperature workability of Boron added modified 9Cr-1Mo steel is studied in temperature range 1223-1473K and strain rates of 0.001-10s-1 using Dynamic Materials Model. Towards this end hot isothermal compression tests are carried out and the experimental results are used to obtain processing map. Extensive microstructural investigation is carried out to validate different domains of processing map. On the basis of the microstructurally validated processing map, parameters for the thermomechanical processing of P91B are recommended.

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