scholarly journals A review on sustainability and quality of biochar production from oil palm biomass in Malaysia using thermal conversion technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Mustakimah Mohamed ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Thermal Conversion ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
Conversion Technologies

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fiber (MF), palm kernel shell (PKS), oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm frond (OPF) are the common solid lignocellulosic biomass generated from oil palm industries. A palm oil plantation was estimated to generate 36.5 ton of dry biomass in each hectare every year which suggesting the abundancy of these wastes. Feedstock feasibility and common properties as a carbon-rich material, have initiated an interest to utilize these biomass for biochar production. This paper provides a review on the developed thermal conversion technologies to synthesize biochar from oil palm biomass and includes the respective product quality such as carbon contents, yield and other physicochemical properties. The sustainability of oil palm biomass as the feedstock for biochar production in Malaysia were also described by providing the overview on biomass availability, biomass industry value chain and respective characteristics. Determining appropriate type of biomass and applying effective type of thermal conversion technologies produce biochar with good physicochemical qualities. This review observed that lignin in biomass contributes significantly to biochar production and slow pyrolysis technique is a promising technology to yield a good quality of biochar.

scholarly journals Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal behaviour of pellets produced from oil palm biomass blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Binding Agent ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Durability Index

<p>The production of bio-pellets is an alternative to add value to the residual biomass of the oil palm-extraction process. In this work, an experimental study of the pelletising process of oil palm residual biomass blends is presented. An experimental full factorial design that uses as factors the binding agent content, the moisture content and the mass content of palm kernel shell in the biomass blends is performed. The moisture content of the raw biomass material influences remarkably the durability index of the pellets. These results indicate that high moisture contents in biomass hinder the process of extrusion and linking among the oil palm biomass particles. An increase in the palm kernel shell mass fraction in biomass leads to an increase in the pellets apparent density value. The pellets durability index behaviour study leads to the conclusion that the moisture content is the parameter that exerts the major influence. If the moisture content increases, the durability index decreases. Further, no standard bending tests at 3-points on the pellets are made with the purpose of evaluating the mechanical strength of the densified biomass. Additionally, the produced pellets maintain the quality and durability criteria after being carbonised by means of a thermo gravimetric analysis. The best quality characteristics of the pellets were obtained for a raw biomass material with 10% of moisture content, 4% of binding agent content and 40% by mass of palm kernel shell in the overall biomass respectively.</p>

Bio-Oil Production under Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Kernel Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 881-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Herng Chan ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Armando T. Quitain ◽  
Yoshimitsu Uemura
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Two types of Malaysian oil palm biomass; namely Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) are liquefied using sub-and supercritical water to produce bio-oil. Effects of temperatures (360, 390 and 450 °C) and pressures (25, 30 and 35 MPa) of the liquefaction of biomass on the bio-oil yields are investigated. The optimum liquefaction conditions for EFB and PKS using water are at supercritical conditions. PKS which consists of higher lignin content yields maximum bio-oil of about 41.3 wt % at temperature of 450 °C and the bio-oil yield from EFB is about 37.4 wt % at temperature of 390 °C.

Characterisation of industrially produced oil palm kernel shell biochar and its potential as slow release nitrogen-phosphate fertilizer and carbon sink

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leones Dominguez ◽  
Arasu Uttran ◽  
Soh Kheang Loh ◽  
Marie-Hélène Manero ◽  
Richard Upperton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Oil palm biomass value chain for biofuel development in Malaysia: part I

2022 ◽  
pp. 481-503
Author(s):  
Soh Kheang Loh ◽  
Harrison Lik Nang Lau ◽  
Jalil Nursyairah ◽  
Daryl Jay Thaddeus ◽  
Vijaya Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

Oil Palm Kernel Shell – A Potential Sustainable Construction Material

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Timothy Z.H. Ting ◽  
Muhammad E. Rahman ◽  
Hieng H. Lau ◽  
Matthew Z.Y. Ting ◽  
Vikram Pakrashi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Lightweight masonry block from oil palm kernel shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Setyo Muntohar ◽  
Muhammad Ekhlasur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Lightweight Masonry Block

Oil Palm Clinker Potentility for Producing Lightweight Concrete: Compressive Strength, Tensile and Modulus of Elasticity Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezuwan Kamaruddin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir ◽  
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Oil palm clinker is formed by burning of oil palm kernel shell and fibrous materials in boiler furnace. The clinker is no longer a bio-material that has changed to inert material likes the crushed brick. Large quantities oil palm clinkers have become a waste and caused disposal problem. It requires extra costs for handling, transportation and finding out suitable the dumping site. Research has been conducted to explore the potentiality usage of oil palm clinker as fine and coarse lightweight aggregates at Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Mixtures of oil palm clinker concretes were designed, prepared and tested. Mechanical properties of a good mixture of tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, creep and shrinkage were satisfied the standard engineering codes of practices. Oil palm clicker concrete was found lighter than conventional concrete, which usually weighs between 2240 and 2400 kg m-3. The means of compressive and tensile strengths were found 30.79 and 3.34 N mm-2 respectively. In addition, the mean of modulus of elasticity was 13.024 kNmm-2. Therefore, oil palm clinker aggregate and concrete are recommended to be used in lightweight reinforced concrete structures.

THE EFFECT OF OIL PALM KERNEL SHELL IN PRODUCING DIFFERENT TYPES OF POFA BASED MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the utilization of palm oil fuel ash and oil palm kernel shell as cement and sand replacement, respectively in the production of palm oil fuel ash based mortar mixes as part of new and innovative materials in the construction industry. The study includes basic properties such as water absorption, density, compressive strength, and microstructure test with regards to variations in the mix design process. In order to get better performance in terms of strength development, the ash used was subjected to heat treatment and grounded to the size of less than 2 µm. High volume of 80% palm oil fuel ash was used as cement replacement, while 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of oil palm kernel shell was used as sand replacement. The results indicated that the density of the mortar decreases with increasing volume of oil palm kernel ash as sand replacement. Three different types of mortar were produced with different percentages of oil palm kernel shell, which was high strength, medium strength, and low strength lightweight mortars.

scholarly journals Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Incorporating High Volume Oil Palm Biomass Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Nor Hasanah Abdul Shukor Lim ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Abdul Rahman Mohd. Sam ◽  
Nur Hafizah Abd Khalid ◽  
Noor Nabilah Sarbini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper studies the drying shrinkage of mortar incorporating oil palm biomass waste including Palm Oil Fuel Ash, Oil Palm Kernel Shell and Oil Palm Fibre. Nano size of palm oil fuel ash was used up to 80 % as cement replacement by weight. The ash has been treated to improve the physical and chemical properties of mortar. The mass ratio of sand to blended ashes was 3:1. The test was carried out using 25 × 25 × 160 mm prism for drying shrinkage tests and 70 × 70 ×70 mm for compressive strength test. The results show that the shrinkage value of biomass mortar is reduced by 31% compared with OPC mortar thus, showing better performance in restraining deformation of the mortar while the compressive strength increased by 24% compared with OPC mortar at later age. The study gives a better understanding of how the biomass waste affect on mortar compressive strength and drying shrinkage behaviour. Overall, the oil palm biomass waste can be used to produce a better performance mortar at later age in terms of compressive strength and drying shrinkage.

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