Rural Drinking Water Disinfection Technology and Research Progress of Application

With the living standards improvement of rural residents, people pay more attention to the safety of drinking water in China. As the final step in drinking water treatment, disinfection technology has received much attention. At present, drinking water disinfection process is mainly involved in chlorine disinfection, chlorine dioxide disinfection, chloramine disinfection, disinfection of potassium permanganate, ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection. However, due to limitations in rural economic conditions and management level, only ozone disinfection and ultraviolet disinfection are suitable for rural areas in China. This paper described some of the application problems and limitations in drinking water disinfection process, as well as the select principle in rural areas. The principle, research status, trends and issues in application of ozone and ultraviolet disinfection technology were emphatically introduced. Finally, the development of drinking water disinfection technologies was discussed.

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DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

Jurnal Air Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jai.v3i1.2314 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nusa Idaman Said

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Purification ◽

Distribution System ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Disinfection Byproducts ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Microbiological Contamination ◽

Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2), Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

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Iron-Catalyzed Low Cost Solar Activated Process for Drinking Water Disinfection in Colombian Rural Areas

Technologies for Sustainable Development ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-00639-0_10 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 113-128

Author(s):

Cristina Ruales-Lonfat ◽

Angélica Varón López ◽

José Fernando Barona ◽

Alejandro Moncayo-Lasso ◽

Norberto Benítez Vásquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Low Cost ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

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Which Drinking Water Disinfection Process Generates the Least Toxic DBP Mixture: Chlorination, Chloramination, Ozonation, or Chlorine Dioxide Treatment?

Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering ◽

10.4172/2165-784x.1000e105 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangru Zhang

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Chlorine Dioxide ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Disinfection Process ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

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Seasonal Variation in Drinking Water Disinfection By-products in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt

GMPC Thesis and Opinions Platform ◽

10.51585/gtop.2021.2.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

Rafat Moustafa ◽

Ali M. Hassan ◽

Hamdi A. Hammad ◽

Ali M. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

International Standards ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Dichloroacetic Acid ◽

Mean Values ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

Congenital Disabilities ◽

By Products

Chlorine is the most common disinfectant used in drinking water treatment because it is cheap and has an efficient germicidal ability. However, chlorine and organic matter reacting trihalomethanes (THMs) are suspected carcinogens. The major groups of disinfection by-products (DBPs) are THMs, haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), and halogenated ketones (HKs). Exposure to these by-products increases the risk of cancers, abortion, low birth weight, and congenital disabilities. The wastewater contents of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as the source of total organic carbon (TOC) compounds, are oxidized by chlorine to produce DBPs. This study aimed to monitor the seasonal levels of THMs in Egypt compared with international standards using capillary gas chromatography. Results revealed that THMs mean values vary between 9.26 to 35.86 μg/l, while dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) mean values vary between 3.82 to 17.74 μg/l and 4.41 to 13.25 μg/l, respectively. The maximum THM and TCAA values were observed during the summer, probably due to high temperatures. While the maximum DCAA values were observed during the autumn due to the high levels of raw water TOC. In conclusion, continuous monitoring of THM and its species is highly recommended, taking into consideration how climate can influence THMs formation.

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