The Effect of Crystallinity of Nanoporous WO3 on the Intercalation and Deintercalation of Li+

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 128-131
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahmadi ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar ◽  
Dede Miftahul Anwar ◽  
Monna Rozana ◽  
Zainovia Lockman
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Octahedral Coordination ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Nanoporous Structure

Nanoporous anodic WO3 was annealed at three different times of 1h, 2h, and 3h at a constant temperature of 500oC. This was to investigate the intercalation and deintercalation behaviour of Li+ in this annealed nanoporous oxide. The as-anodised WO3 is amorphous and after annealing, monoclinic WO3 was observed with much higher degree of crystallinity when the time of annealing was increased from 1h to 3h. By electrodiffusion of Li+ in the nanoporous structure, an ion exchange between fully oxidized states (W6+) which is the octahedral coordination dominates (WO6) and Li+ could happen. This causes changing of the colour of the yellowish WO3 to bluish WO3.Li2O. This work showed the effect of annealing time on intercalation of Li+ ion with WO3, however crystallinity can play a good role for electron movement, it cause a decrease in Li+ ion interaction with WO3.

Hydrothermal and dry-heat fixation of K by soil clays and the effects on C.E.C., surface area and mineralogy

Clay Minerals ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Davis ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
R. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Soil Clays ◽  
Dry Heating ◽  
Georgia Kaolinite

AbstractFixation of K by soil clays and selected reference clay minerals was induced by dry heat and hydrothermal procedures, at 100°C, 200°C and 380°C. Appreciable amounts were fixed at all temperatures. In the cases of the samples treated hydrothermally the amounts fixed increased with pressure.Fixation by dry heating at 380°C was significantly greater than at 100°C and 200°C respectively. Fixation under hydrothermal conditions increased in order 380°C > 200°C > 100°C.Reductions in cation exchange capacities (and surface areas) were associated with fixation, indicating that some fixation was due to ion exchange. Changes in mineralogy in some of the samples also support the conclusion that ion exchange was partly responsible for fixation. Some of the fixation under hydrothermal conditions was due to the formation of insoluble K-compounds - as for example the synthesis of a new mineral when one sample was treated.The lattice-iron content of the clays may have influenced their hydrothermal behaviour. Thus the Princes Town Clay ( > 7-5 % lattice-iron) and three nontronites (≫ 7-5 % lattice-iron) showed appreciable lattice collapse after hydrothermal treatment, while Wyoming bentonite and hectorite (<3-5%) lattice-iron) showed no collapse at all.The degree of crystallinity of the mineral may also have influenced its hydrothermal reaction. For example, the highly disordered soil kaolinite (St John's) was much more reactive than the more ordered Georgia kaolinite. Also, the more-ordered reference clays fixed relatively less K at 380°C than the less-ordered soil clays.

Stress Relaxation of Ion Exchanged Float Aluminosilicate Glass at Different Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Bao Jiang ◽  
Xiao Yu Li ◽  
Xin Tao Guo ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Guan Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Stress Layer

The effect of the annealing temperature (390°C, 410 °Cand 430°C) on the stress relaxation of air side and tin side of ion exchanged glasses was investigated. The annealing time dependence of stress at different temperature can be well fitted by a second order exponential function. The stress relaxation rate on tin side is larger than air side at the ion exchange temperature (410°C) or below (390°C) but smaller above the ion exchange temperature (430°C). The depths of stress layer (DOL) of all ion exchanged glasses increase with the increasing of annealing time and the DOL on air side is always larger than tin side. These provide useful information for subsequent treatment of ion exchanged glasses.

Crystallization of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thick Films on Molybdenum Substrates

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagarajan Sridhar ◽  
D. D. L. Chung ◽  
W. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Silicon Film ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Annealed Film ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

ABSTRACTCrystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thick films deposited by dc glow discharge on molybdenum substrates was studied by Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction. Investigation was made as a function of amorphous silicon film deposition temperature. On heating the films at a rate of 5 °C/min to 650 °C for various times, it was observed that the film deposited at 300 °C started crystallization faster than the film deposited at 150 °C. The degree of cirystallinity increased with increasing annealing time for all the films. However, at all annealing times, the degree of crystallinity for the annealed film deposited at 150 °C was higher than that of the annealed film deposited at 300 °C, indicating that the crystallization growth rate was higher for the film deposited at a lower temperature. These results were consistent with the dark conductivity measurements. The film deposited at 150 °C showed a photoresponse which increased with increasing annealing time whereas no photoresponse was observed for the film deposited at 300 °C. This was probably due to the degree of crystallinity and grain size being much larger for the film deposited at 150 °C than the film deposited at 300 °C.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

TEM studies of tweed microstructures in annealed amelia albite

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1065
Author(s):  
Y. J. Kim ◽  
D. M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Systematic Trend ◽  
Tweed Structure

Natural Amelia albite (Ab99.3An0.1Or0.6) annealed at 1073° and 924°C for various periods up to 140 days has been studied by NMR. TEM studies of the same sample revealed a distinct tweed microstructure in some samples annealed at both 1073°C and 924°C. On the whole, the quasi-regular tweed has a periodicity of 100 - 200 Å in both directions, one nearly normal to b* and the other approximately parallel to b*, which gives rise to two-directional streaking in SADP’s (Fig. 1 and 2). However, there are some differences in the tweed structure developed on annealing at 1073°C and at 924°C in albite.Albite samples annealed at 1073° show a systematic trend in their development of tweed structures: the regularity, periodicity, and frequency of occurrence increase with annealing time during the first 3 days, and then decrease gradually until no tweed microstructures are seen in samples annealed for more than 15 days. The tweed structure proceeds locally to form one-directional twin-like microstructures.

Ion-exchange separation of titanium from steels and its determination with hydrogen peroxide

1960 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
V ATHAVALE ◽  
M NAPKARNI ◽  
C VENKATESWARLU
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ion Exchange Separation

Studies on ion-exchange membranes.Part 1. Effect of humidity on the conductivity of Nafion®

1996 ◽  
Vol 414 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Anantaraman ◽  
C.L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange

SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF PLATELET SHAPE SPINEL AND M-TYPE HEXAGONAL FERRITES PREPARED FROM β'' ALUMINA-LIKE FERRITES BY ION EXCHANGE

1988 ◽  
Vol 49 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-937-C8-938
Author(s):  
O. Kalogirou ◽  
A. C. Stergiou ◽  
D. Samaras ◽  
S. Nicolopoulos ◽  
A. Bekka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hexagonal Ferrites ◽  
Platelet Shape
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