Agroforestry Systems in Northern Temperate Zone and Productive Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xiang Liu ◽  
Shu Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sustainability Science ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Application System

As the traditional land application system, agroforestry systems had developed quickly in decades for the demand of agriculture, forestry and sustainability science under the background of global changeing. In this review, the authors described the classification of agroforestry systems in Europe, China and North America based on their components, spatial&temporal arrangement, function, and agro-ecological zone. Then, this paper discussed the productive characteristics of crop and tree components, especially for elevated CO2. Some directions considering research focuses and problems are suggested in China.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of leachates of Juglans regia L., Populus tremula L. and juglone on germination of temperate zone cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Péter Zubay ◽  
Jakob Kunzelmann ◽  
András Ittzés ◽  
Éva Németh Zámboriné ◽  
Krisztina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

AbstractThe environmental benefits of agroforestry systems are well known. However, current knowledge of potential allelopathic interactions is inadequate. The decrease in soil fertility, the increasingly rhapsodic distribution of precipitation, and the special metabolism and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants are all harbingers of medicinal-agroforestry systems. The authors aimed to discover the allelopathic effects of Juglans regia L. and Populus tremula L. on germination of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivated in a temperate zone. Accordingly, an in vitro germination trial was conducted with leachates of these trees and two juglone concentrations. These allelopathic effects were evaluated for germination vigour, germination rate, and total fresh weight of seedlings of twelve different species. A pronounced species specificity was observed in tolerance of seeds and seedlings to the allelopathic effect of Populus and Juglans. In four of the species studied, the allelopathic effect may inhibit germination, but only initially. Poppy and angelica proved to be the most sensitive to the treatments. The following species had relative tolerance to the allelochemicals, so further research under natural conditions is suggested for: Althea officinalis L. (9.34 ± 5.04–68.66 ± 13.62 GR%), Anethum graveolens L. (12.00 ± 2.00–100.00 ± 6.12 GR%), Cannabis sativa L. (72.66 ± 9.02–91.34 ± 1.16 GR%), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (38.00 ± 2.00–80.00 ± 17.44 GR%), Linum usitatissimum L. (44.66 ± 2.00–58.00 ± 3.46 GR%), and Satureja hortensis L. (52.00 ± 28.22–82.00 ± 8.00 GR%). The aim would be to introduce them into agroforestry systems.

A classification of the deciduous forest of eastern North America

Vegetatio ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl D. Monk ◽  
Donald W. Imm ◽  
Robert L. Potter ◽  
Geoffrey G. Parker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Eastern North America

A case study review of wood ash land application programs in North America

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
ILICH LAMA ◽  
DEREK SAIN
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Agricultural Application ◽  
Application Programs

Several regulatory agencies and universities have published guidelines addressing the use of wood ash as liming material for agricultural land and as a soil amendment and fertilizer. This paper summarizes the experiences collected from several forest products facility-sponsored agricultural application programs across North America. These case studies are characterized in terms of the quality of the wood ash involved in the agricultural application, approval requirements, recommended management practices, agricultural benefits of wood ash, and challenges confronted by ash generators and farmers during storage, handling, and land application of wood ash. Reported benefits associated with land-applying wood ash include increasing the pH of acidic soils, improving soil quality, and increasing crop yields. Farmers apply wood ash on their land because in addition to its liming value, it has been shown to effectively fertilize the soil while maintaining soil pH at a level that is optimal for plant growth. Given the content of calcium, potassium, and magnesium that wood ash supplies to the soil, wood ash also improves soil tilth. Wood ash has also proven to be a cost-effective alternative to agricultural lime, especially in rural areas where access to commercial agricultural lime is limited. Some of the challenges identified in the review of case studies include lengthy application approvals in some jurisdictions; weather-related issues associated with delivery, storage, and application of wood ash; maintaining consistent ash quality; inaccurate assessment of required ash testing; potential increased equipment maintenance; and misconceptions on the part of some farmers and government agencies regarding the effect and efficacy of wood ash on soil quality and crop productivity.

scholarly journals An abdominal stridulation organ in Cyphoderris (Prophalangopsidae) and concerning the systematic classification of the Ensifera (Saltatoria)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Ander
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Stridulatory Apparatus

Ensiferan insects (crickets, katydids, grigs and allies) are well known for rubbing parts of their cuticle together to produce sound: a process called stridulation. In this article Swedish entomologist Kjell Ander describes a novel (at the time) stridulatory apparatus in the great grig, Cyphoderris monstrosa (Prophalangopsidae), a relict ensiferan found in the mountainous regions of western North America. Ander used preserved specimens to predict the sound-producing function of a pair of abdominal file-scraper apparatuses, although he was never able to directly test his proposed mechanism nor did he speculate as to the adaptive significance of the structures. The article concludes with a review of the systematic placement of various higher level taxa within the order Orthoptera, of which Ensifera is one suborder.

Agroforestry Systems in The Temperate Zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-232
Author(s):  
P. K. Ramachandran Nair ◽  
B. Mohan Kumar ◽  
Vimala D. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Temperate Zone

SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PHILODROMUS RUFUS COMPLEX IN NORTH AMERICA (ARANEIDA: THOMISIDAE)

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Dondale
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mating Behaviors

The mating behaviors of Philodromus rufus-like spiders from the Pacific coast, northern Ontario, and southern Ontario near Belleville revealed two species and a subspecies. P. rufus Walckenaer is identified as a transcontinental species in which the males vibrate their legs in courtship and possess an "angular" retro-lateral apophysis on the palpal tibia. P. rufus vibrans Dondale is a small, heavily-speckled subspecies of rufus. The second species is P. exilis Banks, in which the males do not vibrate and have a "non-angular" apophysis, and which occurs in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence-Acadian forests of eastern North America.

IV.—Note on the Age of the English Wealden Series

1900 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 443-445
Author(s):  
G. W. Lamplugh
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Standard Of Comparison

In recent discussions arising from the renewed attempts to define more closely the boundary between the Jurassio and Cretaceous systems in Russia, Germany, Belgium, and France, and also in North America, constant reference has been made to the English Wealden deposits as affording a standard of comparison. But, meanwhile, doubt has been thrown, by palæontologists who have studied certain portions of the Wealden flora and fauna, on the hitherto accepted classification of these English deposits with the Lower Cretaceous, on the grounds that the fossils showed strong Jurassic affinities. This opinion has been expressed by the late Professor O. C. Marsh in regard to the reptiles, by Dr. A. Smith Woodward in regard to the fish, and by A. C. Seward in regard to the plants. To prevent further confusion it is therefore desirable that certain facts which have been overlooked in this discussion, though for the most part already published, should be restated, since these facts seem sufficient to prove that, at any rate, the greater portion of the English Wealden series must remain as part of the Lower Cretaceous.

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