Using Controlled Graft Copolymerization Technology to Prepare Structure-Controllable Cellulose Functional Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 2108-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Juan Li ◽  
Ying Juan Fu ◽  
Meng Hua Qin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Grafting Modification ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Application Scope

Cellulose is the most abundant, renewable, and biodegradable natural resource on the earth. Grafting copolymerization technique is one of the key methods to widen the application scope of cellulose. This paper concerned with the recent progress and application of living/controlled radical graft polymerization techniques such as NMP, ATRP, and RAFT in the grafting modification of cellulose. The advantages and disadvantage of them were also reviewed.

Studies on Grafting Copolymerization of Lactic Acid onto Cornstarch Catalyzed with Sodium Hydroxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1906-1910
Author(s):  
Ying Mo Hu ◽  
Qing Ling Wang ◽  
Jian Hua Zhu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Convenient Method ◽  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Acid Copolymer ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Grafting Degree

A convenient method to synthesize starch/lactic acid copolymer was studied in this work. Copolymer of starch graft with lactic acid (LA) was directly prepared by reaction of cornstarch with lactic acid in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution as a catalyst. The product was characterized by IR and WAXD, and the good adhesion between the two components has been observed by SEM. The results showed that the highest grafting degree could reach 33.60% when the graft copolymerization was carried in 0.40 mol·L-1 NaOH aqueous for 9 h at 90°C with the 1: 5~6 ratio of starch and lactic acid.

Allowing the Poor to Share the Earth

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pogge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Global Fund ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Natural Resource Depletion

AbstractTwo of the greatest challenges facing humanity are environmental degradation and the persistence of poverty. Both can be met by instituting a Global Resources Dividend (GRD) that would slow pollution and natural-resource depletion while collecting funds to avert poverty worldwide. Unlike Hillel Steiner's Global Fund, which is presented as a fully just regime governing the use of planetary resources, the GRD is meant as merely a modest but widely acceptable and therefore realistic step toward justice. Paula Casal has set forth various ways in which this step might be improved upon. Solid counter-arguments can be given to her criticisms and suggestions. But to specify the best (effective and realizable) design of an appropriate global institutional mechanism with some confidence, economists, political scientists, jurists, environmental scientists, and activists would need to be drawn in to help think through the immense empirical and political complexities posed by this urgent task.

scholarly journals Surface-grafting polymers: from chemistry to organic electronics

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Wang ◽  
Zhongwu Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Liqiang Li ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Electronics ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Surface Grafting ◽  
Organic Electronic Devices ◽  
Organic Electronic

This review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in surface-grafting polymers, including their formation process and the utilization of surface-grafting polymers as functional materials of insulators, conductors and semiconductors in versatile organic electronic devices.

scholarly journals Al-Based Nano-Sized Composite Energetic Materials (Nano-CEMs): Preparation, Characterization, and Performance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Pang ◽  
Xuezhong Fan ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Yimin Chao ◽  
Huixiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Application Prospects

As one of the new types of functional materials, nano-sized composite energetic materials (nano-CEMs) possess many advantages and broad application prospects in the research field of explosives and propellants. The recent progress in the preparation and performance characterization of Al-based nano-CEMs has been reviewed. The preparation methods and properties of Al-based nano-CEMs are emphatically analyzed. Special emphasis is focused on the improved performances of Al-based nano-CEMs, which are different from those of conventional micro-sized composite energetic materials (micro-CEMs), such as thermal decomposition and hazardous properties. The existing problems and challenges for the future work on Al-based nano-CEMs are discussed.

Recent progress of double-structural and functional materials with special wettability

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Functional Materials

Review Lecture: The dynamical properties and internal structures of the Earth, the Moon and the planets

1972 ◽  
Vol 328 (1574) ◽  
pp. 301-336 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Dynamical Properties ◽  
Very High

The aim of this review is to bring together and relate recent progress in three subjects - the internal structure of the Earth, the behaviour of materials at very high pressures and the dynamical properties of the planets. Knowledge of the internal structure of the Earth has been advanced in recent years, particularly by observations of free oscillations of the whole Earth excited by the very largest earthquakes; as a consequence, it is clear that K. E. Bullen’s hypothesis that bulk modulus is a smooth function of pressure irrespective of composition is close to the truth for the Earth. Understanding of the behaviour of materials at very high pressure has increased as a result both of experiments on the propagation of shock waves and of theoretical investigations along a number of lines and it can now be seen that Bullen’s hypothesis is not true irrespective of chemical composition and crystal structure but that it happens to apply to the Earth because of particular circumstances. Studies of the orbits of artificial satellites and space probes have led to better knowledge of the dynamics of the Moon, Mars and Venus, and there have also been recent improvements in the traditional studies of Uranus and Neptune. Our knowledge of the dynamics of the planets is on the whole rather restricted, and Bullen’s hypothesis only applies directly to the Moon (for which the application is trivial) and possibly to Mars; the dynamical properties do none the less set fairly restrictive limits to the models that can be constructed for other planets. It would be possible for all planets to have cores of similar composition to the Earth ’s, surrounded by mantles of different sorts, silicates for the terrestrial planets and mostly hydrogen for Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

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