A New Fast Algorithm for Intra Prediction Mode Selection in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 3342-3345
Author(s):  
Chun Jiang Duanmu ◽  
Duo Dong ◽  
Xu Qiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Code Rate ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Prediction Mode ◽  
Very High

In order to meet the trend and consumer demands for video information, the ISO/IEC group and ITU-T video encoding expert group have cooperated in making the new video encoding standard of HEVC. It defines 35 Intra prediction modes and thus has a very high encoding complexity. In order to reduce this complexity, this paper has proposed a new algorithm to effectively reduce the number of the candidate mode which needs to be checked. The edge detection and Hough transform are utilized for the prediction unit (PU) with different sizes. Statistical analysis is utilized for the detected edge line angles to decide the candidate modes that need to be checked. The C++ and OpenCV language have been utilized for the implementation of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm can reduce the encoding time by 43.72 percent at most and 17.06 percent at least with just little increase of the code rate and small decrease of the PSNR.

scholarly journals HEVC Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Intra Prediction and Matrix Coding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Prediction Mode ◽  
Objective Quality

Aiming at the problem that the data hiding algorithm of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) has great influence on the video bit rate and visual quality, an information hiding algorithm based on intra prediction mode and matrix coding is proposed. Firstly, 8 prediction modes are selected from 4×4 luminance blocks in I frame to embed the hidden information. Then, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm is used to modulate the LSB of the last prediction mode. Finally, the modulated luminance block is re-encoded to embed 4 bits secret information. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the embedding capacity, guarantees the subjective and objective quality of the video, and the bit rate increases by 1.14% on average.

scholarly journals HEVC Information-Hiding Algorithm Based on Intra-Prediction and Matrix Coding

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Dawen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Prediction Mode ◽  
Objective Quality

Aiming at the problem that the data hiding algorithm of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) has great influence on the video bit rate and visual quality, an information hiding algorithm based on intra prediction mode and matrix coding is proposed. Firstly, 8 prediction modes are selected from 4×4 luminance blocks in I frame to embed the hidden information. Then, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm is used to modulate the LSB of the last prediction mode. Finally, the modulated luminance block is re-encoded to embed 4 bits secret information. Experimental results show that the algorithm improves the embedding capacity, guarantees the subjective and objective quality of the video, and the bit rate increases by 1.14% on average.

scholarly journals A HEVC Steganalysis Algorithm Based on Relationship of Adjacent Intra Prediction Modes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henan Shi ◽  
Tanfeng Sun ◽  
Zhaohong Li
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Video Codec ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
General Process ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Prediction Mode ◽  
Texture Characteristics ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Currently, many High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) video steganography algorithms based on Intra Prediction Mode (IPM) have been proposed. However, the existing IPM-based video steganalysis algorithms are almost designed for H.264/AVC videos, without considering the unique coding techniques in HEVC, which is the latest video codec standard. Thus, it is of significant value to study IPM-based steganalysis for HEVC videos. In this paper, the general process of IPM-based HEVC steganography is modelled for the first time, and we find that the basic distortion existing in the change of the relationships between each embedded IPM and the adjacent IPMs. By exploiting these weaknesses, we propose a novel IPM steganalysis algorithm based on the Relationship of Adjacent IPMs (RoAIPM) feature. In detail, the RoAIPM is extracted by generating different directional Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrixes (GLCMs) and texture characteristics of three refilled matrixes: MPM-IPM matrix, Left-IPM matrix and Up-IPM matrix. Experimental results show that, the proposed RoAIPM feature is very sensitive to the little change introduced by IPM-based steganography. Regardless of whether the feature is after dimension reduction or not, in various coding conditions, the proposed steganalysis can both present a well higher detection accuracy against the latest IPM-based HEVC steganography methods and achieve the lowest computational complexity compared with the state-of-the-art works.

Research and Implementation of Fast Algorithm for Intra Prediction Mode Selection Oriented to Hardware

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Xiuzhi Yang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Longzhao Shi ◽  
Zhifeng Chen ◽  
Mingkui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fast Algorithm ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Prediction Mode

scholarly journals HEVC Fast Intra-Mode Selection Using World War II Technique

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Junaid Tariq ◽  
Ammar Armghan ◽  
Fayadh Alenezi ◽  
Amir Ijaz ◽  
Saad Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
World War ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Mode Estimation ◽  
Compression Time ◽  
Variance Estimates

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) applies 35 intra modes to every block of a frame and selects the mode that gives the best prediction. This brute-force nature of HEVC makes it complex and unfit for real-time applications. Therefore, a fast intra-mode estimation algorithm is presented here based on the classic World War II (WW2) technique known as the ‘German Tanks Problem’ (GTP). This not only is the first article to use GTP for early estimation of intra mode, but also expedites the estimation process of GTP. Secondly, the various elements of the intra process are efficiently mapped to the elements of GTP estimation. Finally, the two variations of GPT are modeled and are also minimum-variance estimates. These experimental results indicate that proposed GTP-based fast estimation reduced the compression time of HEVC from 23.88% to 31.44%.

scholarly journals A novel chaotic system based on coupled map lattice and its application in HEVC encryption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 9410-9429
Author(s):  
Qing Ye ◽  
◽  
Qiaojia Zhang ◽  
Sijie Liu ◽  
Kaiqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic System ◽  
Stream Cipher ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chaotic Map ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Coupled Map Lattice ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Video Information

<abstract> <p>Video information is currently widely used in various fields. Compared with image and text data, video data has the characteristics of large data volume, strong data relevance, and large data redundancy, which makes traditional cryptographic systems no longer suitable for video encryption systems. The paper proposes a new chaotic system based on coupled map lattice (CML) and applies it to high efficiency video coding (HEVC) video encryption. The chaotic system logistic-iterative chaotic map with infinite collapses-coupled map lattice (L-ICMIC-CML), which is improved on the basis of the ICMIC system and combined with CML, generates stream ciphers and encrypts some syntax elements of HEVC. The experimental results show that the stream cipher generated by the L-ICMIC-CML system passes the SP800-22 Revla test and has strong randomness. Applying the stream cipher to the proposed HEVC encryption scheme, through the analysis of the encryption scheme's security, encryption time and encryption efficiency, it is better than other chaotic system encryption schemes. The video encryption system proposed in this paper is both safe and efficient.</p> </abstract>

Machine Learning-Based Coding Decision Making in H.265/HEVC CTU Division and Intra Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Wenchan Jiang ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Video Coding ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Mode Decision ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Neuron Network ◽  
Prediction Mode

High efficiency video coding (HEVC) has been deemed as the newest video coding standard of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group and the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. In this research project, in compliance with H.265 standard, the authors focused on improving the performance of encode/decode by optimizing the partition of prediction block in coding unit with the help of supervised machine learning. The authors used Keras library as the main tool to implement the experiments. Key parameters were tuned for the model in the convolution neuron network. The coding tree unit mode decision time produced in the model was compared with that produced in the reference software for HEVC, and it was proven to have improved significantly. The intra-picture prediction mode decision was also investigated with modified model and yielded satisfactory results.

scholarly journals A Secure Video Steganography Based on the Intra-Prediction Mode (IPM) for H264

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5242
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Cao ◽  
Lihua Tian ◽  
Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Video Quality ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Intra Prediction ◽  
Video Encoding ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Adaptive Steganography ◽  
Video Steganography ◽  
Mapping Rules ◽  
Distortion Functions ◽  
Prediction Mode

Recently, many video steganography algorithms based on the intra-prediction mode (IPM) have been adaptive steganography algorithms. These algorithms usually focus on the research about mapping rules and distortion functions while ignoring the fact that adaptive steganography may not be suitable for video steganography based on the intra-prediction mode; this is because the adaptive steganography algorithm must first calculate the loss of all cover before the first secret message is embedded. However, the modification of an IPM may change the pixel values of the current block and adjacent blocks, which will lead to the change of the loss of the following blocks. In order to avoid this problem, a new secure video steganography based on a novel embedding strategy is proposed in this paper. Video steganography is combined with video encoding. Firstly, the frame is encoded by an original encoder and all the relevant information is saved. The candidate block is found according to the relevant information and mapping rules. Then every qualified block is analyzed, and a one-bit message is embedded during intra-prediction encoding. At last, if the IPM of this block is changed, the values of the residual are modified in order to keep the optimality of the modified IPM. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm has good security performance and little impact on video quality.

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