Development of Scanning Microwave Technology for Ceramics in Extreme Environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Jack R. Little Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Advanced Ceramic ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor

Advanced ceramic materials are required to meet increasing high temperature demands of components in advanced propulsion engines for high performance aircraft as well as increasing structural demands in ceramic-composite armor. Monitoring the structural performance of these advanced ceramic materials presents challenges. Recently a new technology, Evisive ScanTM, based on microwave interferometry has been developed that allows condition monitoring. The internationally patented Evisive Scan™ method (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), utilizes microwaves to interrogate dielectric materials. The microwaves are reflected at areas of changing dielectric constant. The reflected energy and the interrogating beam are combined to form an interference pattern which is measured in the transceiver as a signal voltage. The signal voltage is sampled at many positions in the inspection area. This point cloud is displayed as an Evisive Scan™ image, which presents volumetric detail of the inspected part. Over the past two years the technology has been demonstrated on Ceramic Matrix Composites and has shown to be an efficient measurement of porosity and manufacturing defects. The method has also been demonstrated to be applicable to ceramic composite armor made of monolithic ceramic tiles in complex, multilayer structures.

Development of Microwave Interferometry Nondestructive Testing Solution for Complex Materials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Schmidt ◽  
Jack Little
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Us Air Force ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor ◽  
Air Force Research Laboratory

Application of engineered ceramic materials in high temperature environments of advanced propulsion systems in high performance aircraft; structural demands in ceramic-composite armor; application of high density polyethylene in piping, and reinforced rubber in nuclear power service; and fiber reinforced resin overwraps for piping, all present demanding nondestructive testing challenges. A new technology, Evisive Scan™, has been recently developed that allows condition monitoring in these challenging materials. The internationally patented Evisive Scan™ method is based on microwave interferometry. It utilizes microwaves to interrogate dielectric materials, including material with complex internal structure. The microwaves are reflected at areas of changing dielectric constant. The reflected energy and the interrogating beam are combined to form an interference pattern which is measured in the transceiver as a signal voltage. The method requires access to only one surface, does not require contact or a coupling medium. The signal voltage is sampled at many positions in the inspection area. This point cloud is displayed as an Evisive Scan™ image, which presents volumetric detail of the inspected part. This data is rich with information which is processed in near real time for advanced analysis. The technology has been successfully applied to Ceramic Matrix Composites where it is used to measure density and porosity and identify manufacturing defects. The technology has been demonstrated to be applicable to ceramic composite armor made of monolithic ceramic tiles in complex, multilayer, dielectric structures. The technology is being used to detect manufacturing defects in composite resin structures. The technology has been successfully demonstrated on fiber reinforced resin pipe overwraps, and the technology has been used for condition monitoring of reinforced rubber flexible couplings in nuclear power plants. The nuclear power plant application is performed under a fully qualified, US nuclear quality assurance 10CFR50 App B and NQA-1 compliant program. Examples of these applications are presented, with explanation of the operating principles of the technology and illustrations of the individual applications. Work included in the report is supported by the US Air Force Research Laboratory, US Army Tank-Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), US Army Research Laboratory and US Air Force Research Laboratory. Evisive would like to acknowledge project participation and support by Argonne National Laboratory, and Saudi Aramco.

Design, manufacture, and analysis of ceramic-composite armor

2016 ◽  
pp. 349-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bracamonte ◽  
R. Loutfy ◽  
I.K. Yilmazcoban ◽  
S.D. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor

Effect of Al alloy back panel on the dynamic penetration and damage characteristics of ceramic composite armors

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 723-731
Author(s):  
Weilan Liu ◽  
Zhou Chen ◽  
Tengzhou Xu ◽  
Junfeng Hu ◽  
Jiaduo Li
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Damage Characteristics ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Back Panel ◽  
Dynamic Penetration ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor ◽  
Hybrid Ceramic

This paper mainly focuses on the investigation of dynamic penetration and damage characteristics of a hybrid ceramic composite armor normally impacted by 12.7 mm armor piercing incendiary projectiles. The hybrid ceramic composite armor was composed of a ceramic cylinder layer, a Ti–6Al–4V plate, an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composite layer, and an Al alloy panel. Three different areal densities of composite laminates with 82, 87, and 92 kg/m2 were tested. 3D finite element model of the ceramic composite armor was generated in ABAQUS, and the simulation results were employed to study the damage evolution. The effect of alumina ceramic cylinders layer on the ballistic performance and the failure mechanisms of Ti–6Al–4V and UHMWPE after ballistic impact were examined by experimental and simulative results. According to the numerical and analytical models, an optimal thickness range of Al alloy back panel was found in minimizing areal density of the ceramic composite armor.

Design and ballistic penetration of the ceramic composite armor

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weilan Liu ◽  
Zhaofeng Chen ◽  
Xingwang Cheng ◽  
Yangwei Wang ◽  
Adjei Richard Amankwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor ◽  
Ballistic Penetration

scholarly journals Research on structural design and anti-penetration performance of ceramic composite armor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
Youchun Zou ◽  
Chao Xiong ◽  
Junhui Yin ◽  
Huiyong Deng ◽  
Kaibo Cui
Keyword(s):  
Structural Design ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor

Anti-Penetration Performance of Ceramic Composite Armor Analysis Based on the Unified Strength Theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Bao Feng Li ◽  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Xin Hua Ni ◽  
Yan Mei Qu ◽  
Xiao Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Strength Theory ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Unified Strength Theory ◽  
Composite Armor ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
Ceramic Composite Armor ◽  
Dynamics Problems ◽  
Ceramic Targets

The resistance pressure was the key to solve these problems that long rod projectiles penetrated ceramic targets at high velocity. Based on the twin shear united strength theory and the A-T model, the penetration depth were calculated. But the calculation result didn’t agree with experiment data. So the tension-compression ratio was redefined to apply to the dynamics problems according to the experiment data. And satisfied results were obtained.

scholarly journals Multiscale characterization and representation of variability in ceramic matrix composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832097844
Author(s):  
Khaled H Khafagy ◽  
Siddhant Datta ◽  
Aditi Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Manufacturing Defects

Low density, high strength, and high creep and oxidation resistance properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) make them an ideal choice for use in extreme environments in space and military applications. This paper presents a detailed characterization study of structural and manufacturing flaws in Carbon fiber Silicon-Carbide-Nitride matrix (C/SiNC) CMCs at different length-scales. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) is used for the chemical characterization of the material’s elemental constituents. High-resolution multiscale graphs obtained from scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM) are used to characterize the distribution and morphology of defects at different length scales. This is followed by the classification and quantification of the common manufacturing defects. An image processing algorithm based on the image segmentation process is developed to quantify the variability of various scale-dependent architectural parameters. Finally, a three-dimensional stochastic representative volume element (SRVE) generation algorithm is developed to provide precise representations of material textures at multiple length scales. The developed algorithm accurately accounts for material features and flaws based on a range of multiscale structural and defects characterization results.

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