The Temperature Dependence of the Electrical Conductivity Activation Energy of the of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Yuliya M. Artemkina ◽  
Vladimir V. Shcherbakov ◽  
Irina A. Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Temperature Step ◽  
Conductivity Activation Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The procedure for determining the activation energy of conductivity Еκ is analyzed depending on the temperature step ΔT. It is shown that with increasing ΔT, the error in the calculation of Eκ decreases, but the calculated value of Eκ decreases. In order not to lose the temperature dependence of the activation energy, it is necessary to choose the optimal value of Δt. In our opinion, this value should not exceed 5 – 10 °C. Taking into account the decrease in concentration with increasing temperature due to a decrease in density has virtually no effect on the accuracy of determining Eκ, provided that ΔT is 5 – 10 °C. It has been shown that in the temperature range 20 – 80 °C, the activation energy of conductivity decreases with increasing temperature. This decrease is due to the rupture of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the solvent with increasing temperature. It was suggested that the movement of ions in an aqueous solution may be accompanied by the breaking of hydrogen bond of the solvent.

Specific counter-cation effect on the molecular orientation of thiocyanate anions at the aqueous solution interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10106-10115
Author(s):  
Hongxing Hao ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
Jingwen Ai ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Hongtao Bian
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Cation Effect ◽  
Solution Interface ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Counter Cation

Understanding the interfacial structure of aqueous electrolyte solutions is important and relevant to a wide range of systems, ranging from atmospheric aerosols to electrochemistry, and biological environments.

scholarly journals On the influence of temperature and chemical properties on viscosity of Moravian wines

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Havlíček ◽  
Libor Severa ◽  
Ivo Křivánek
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
South Moravia ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Standard chemical analysis was performed to characterise six samples of bottled wines from South Moravia. Temperature influence (range from 20 °C to 50 °C). Density data processing led to determination of the expansibility coefficients at 25 °C and their temperature dependence. It was found that, viscosity of wine decreases non-linearly with increasing temperature. Fitting of the experimental data in some theoretical models was performed in order to describe the temperature dependence of the viscosity of wine. A modified Andrade equation was found to best describe this dependence. The activation energy for viscous flow of wine, calculated by Arhenius relation, varied from 18.50 kJ.mol–1 to 20.15 kJ. mol–1. Correlations between the activation energy for viscous flow and the concentrations of solutes other than ethanol were estimated.

Temperature dependence of photocatalytic CO2reduction by trans(Cl)–Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2: activation energy difference between CO and formate production

2017 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ishida ◽  
Akihiko Sakaba
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Energy Difference ◽  
Catalytic Cycle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Formate Production

The temperature dependence of photocatalytic CO2reduction bytrans(Cl)–Ru(bpy)(CO)2Cl2(bpy: 2,2′-bipyridine) has been researched in ethanol (EtOH)/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) solutions containing [Ru(bpy)3]2+(a photosensitizer) and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH, an electron donor). The catalytic system efficiently reduces CO2to carbon monoxide (CO) with formate (HCOO−) as a minor product. The mechanism of the catalysis consists of the electron-relay cycle and the catalytic cycle: in the former cycle the photochemically generated reduced species of the photosensitizer injects an electron to the catalyst, and in the latter the catalyst reduces CO2. At a low concentration of the catalyst (5.0 μM), where the catalytic cycle is rate-determining, the temperature dependence of CO/HCOO−is also dependent on the EtOH contents: the selectivity of CO/HCOO−decreases in 20% and 40%-EtOH/DMA with increasing temperature, while it increases in 60%-EtOH/DMA. The temperature dependence of the CO/HCOO−selectivity indicates that the difference in activation energy (ΔΔG‡) between CO and HCOO−production is estimated asca.3.06 kJ mol−1in 40%-EtOH/DMA at 298 K.

Temperature dependence of the shape of the cellodextrins in aqueous solution

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (20) ◽  
pp. 2363-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ihnat ◽  
D. A. I. Goring
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Negative Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Coefficients ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Intrinsic viscosities of the cellodextrins, cellobiose to cellohexaose, were measured in aqueous solution at temperatures from 25 to 70 °C. Axial ratios were determined using the Einstein–Simha viscosity relation and the computational methods developed previously. The results showed that the oligomers are fully extended over this temperature range and that the negative temperature coefficients of the intrinsic viscosities are caused by the dehydration of the molecules with increasing temperature.

Effect of interionic interactions on the structure and dynamics of ionic solvation shells in aqueous electrolyte solutions

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (115) ◽  
pp. 114666-114675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Mridula Dixit Bharadwaj ◽  
S. Yashonath
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Solvation Shell ◽  
Halide Ions ◽  
Alkali Ions ◽  
Ionic Solvation ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Interionic Interactions

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the structure and dynamics of the ionic solvation shell of alkali ions and halide ions in aqueous solution.

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