NH4OH- KOH Pulping and Single-Stage Bleaching Processes of Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Feasibility Study for Molded Pulp Packaging Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 1046 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Nutchanad Kunfong ◽  
Phattharasaya Rattanawongkun ◽  
Nattaya Tawichai ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Nattakan Soykeabkaew
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Efficient Process ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Chemical Usage

The NH4OH-KOH pulping was a highly efficient process for extracting banana pseudostem waste (BNW) pulp. Besides, this greener pulping process allowed NH4OH recovery and KOH can be later used as fertilizer, reducing the environmental impact. It was found that the optimal BNW pulping condition was using 8.3 wt% NH4OH and 3.3 wt% KOH at a cooking temperature of 155°C for 1 h, and liquid to solid ratio 6:1. From the results, this process allowed low chemical usage and provided high pulp yield (44%) with a high delignification degree (80%) and low Kappa no. (22). After pulping, the single-stage bleaching of BNW pulp using 8 wt% H2O2 and 1.5 wt% NaOH at 90°C for 1 h was shown to improve the whiteness and brightness of the BNW molded pulp samples to 69.7% and 28.7%ISO (3-fold increase), respectively. As compared to commercial molded pulp food packaging, the present BNW molded pulp exhibited a superior tensile index of 54.3 Nm/g and Young’s modulus of 4.8 GPa.

Feasibility Study of a Laser Ramjet Single-Stage-To-Orbit Vehicle

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Katsurayama ◽  
Yasuro Hirooka ◽  
Kimiya Komurasaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Arakawa
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Single Stage

An Overview on the Environmental Impact of Food Packaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Teresa De Pilli ◽  
Antonietta Baiano ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Carlo Russo ◽  
Giulio Mario Cappelletti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Food Packaging

Establishing a Site for a Slovenian LILW Repository

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi Virsˇek ◽  
Janja Sˇpiler ◽  
Miran Veselicˇ
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Management Agency ◽  
The Third ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
A Site

In this paper we will describe the practice and siting process for a LILW repository in Slovenia. Slovenia is a small country, and, consequently, its nuclear programme is small. It does include almost everything that large programmes have, but we still do not have a repository. In 2004, the Slovenian Radwaste management agency (ARAO) initiated a new procedure to find a proper location for a LILW repository. ARAO asked all Slovenian communities to participate. All communities have the option to withdraw from the process until they have approved the site. We received eight responses, and we prepared methodologies with different parameters to evaluate all potential sites. All sites were assessed by Slovenian experts, and determinations were based on using prepared methodologies. On the basis of their expert opinions, we prepared a prefeasibility study and chose the three most suitable sites. With these three we continued the process. After that time, one of the communities withdrew from the procedure, and another one reversed its proposed site and proposed a new one. For the third site we continued with the programme, and we prepared a feasibility study with a Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment and preliminary safety calculations for the comparison of different concepts of disposal units. If everything goes according to the plan for this site and the concept, we expect site approval in the first half of 2009. After that, we will start preparing everything necessary for building permission.

Environmental Impact Generated by Technologies and by Processes Used to Produce Biodegradable Food Packaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Teresa De Pilli ◽  
Antonietta Baiano ◽  
Giuseppe Lopriore ◽  
Carlo Russo ◽  
Giulio Mario Cappelletti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Food Packaging

Optimization of soda pulping process of ligno-cellulosic residues of lemon and sofia grasses produced after steam distillation

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Harjeet Kaur ◽  
Dharm Dutt ◽  
C. H. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Cooking Temperature ◽  
Soda Pulping ◽  
Lignocellulosic Residue ◽  
Better Than

Sofia (Cymbopogon martini), and lemon (Cymbopogon flexuosus) grasses, are exclusively cultivated for extraction of important lemongrass and palma rosa oils. Lignocellulosic residue (LCR) of sofia and lemon grasses left after steam distillation can successfully be used for the production of chemical grade pulp. Steam distillation mitigates the problem of mass transfer, and facilitates the faster penetration of cooking liquor by leaching out a part of extraneous components. Sofia grass produces a pulp yield of 43.7% of kappa number 20 at an active alkali dose of 14% (as Na2O), maximum cooking temperature of 160 oC and cooking time 90 min. Likewise, lemon grass produces a pulp yield of 41.4% of kappa number 12.5 under the same conditions except temperature (150 oC) by a soda pulping process. Addition of 0.1% AQ at optimum cooking conditions reduces kappa number by 26 and 8% for sofia and lemon grasses with insignificant increase in pulp yield i.e. 0.2 and 0.4% for sofia and lemon grasses, respectively. The mechanical strength properties of lemon grass soda-AQ pulp are better than sofia grass. Bauer-McNett fiber classification further validates that +20 fractions are more (62.63%) in lemon grass than in sofia grass (42.72%).

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