Localized Corrosion of High Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steels

1992 ◽  
Vol 111-112 ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Morach ◽  
Patrik Schmuki ◽  
H. Böhni
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion

Localized Corrosion Resistance of Mn-Substituted Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Molybdenum and Chromium

CORROSION ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 274-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BRIGHAM ◽  
E. W. TOZER
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Critical Pitting Temperature

Abstract The pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of a number of Mn-substituted austenitic stainless steels has been determined quantitatively using temperature as a localized corrosion criterion. The go/no-go temperatures, the critical pitting temperature (CPT), and the crevice corrosion temperature (CCT) can be summarized by the equations and for Mn-substituted austenitic stainless steels over the composition range 0 to 5% Mo and 18 to 22% Cr. The resistance to localized corrosion of these Cr-Ni-Mn-Mo alloys is compared with that of Cr-Ni-Mo austenitic stainless steels.

scholarly journals Corrosion Susceptibility and Allergy Potential of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4187
Author(s):  
Lucien Reclaru ◽  
Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Nickel Release

Although called stainless steels, austenitic steels are sensitive to localized corrosion, namely pitting, crevice, and intergranular form. Seventeen grades of steel were tested for localized corrosion. Steels were also tested in general corrosion and in galvanic couplings (steels–precious alloys) used in watchmaking applications. The evaluations have been carried out in accordance with the ASTM standards which specifically concern the forms of corrosion namely, general (B117-97, salt fog test), pitting (G48-11, FeCl3), crevice (F746-87) and intergranular (A262-15, Strauss chemical test and G108-94, Electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test). All tests revealed sensitivity to corrosion. We have noticed that the transverse face is clearly more sensitive than the longitudinal face, in the direction of rolling process. The same conclusion has been drawn from the tests of nickel release. It should be pointed out that, despite the fact that the grade of steel is in conformity with the classification standards, the behavior is very different from one manufacturer to another, due to parameters dependent on the production process, such as casting volume, alloying additions, and deoxidizing agents. The quantities of nickel released are related to the operations involved in the manufacturing process. Heat treatments reduce the quantities of nickel released. The surface state has little influence on the release. The hardening procedures increase the quantities of nickel released. The quantities of released nickel are influenced by the inclusionary state and the existence of the secondary phases in the steel structure. Another aspect is related to the strong dispersion of results concerning nickel release and corrosion behavior of raw materials.

The Use and Misuse of 300 Series Austenitic Stainless Steels in the Citrus Industry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Citrus Industry ◽  
Corrosion Failure ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Process System ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

The 300 series austenitic stainless steels have been used extensively and successfully in the Citrus Industry for numerous applications. Material cost and corrosion resistance to both citrus products and cleaning solutions for maintaining sanitary conditions has made type 304 and type 316 stainless steels the material of choice for process equipment, tanks, and piping systems. However, corrosion failures have occurred and many have been the subject of forensic investigations to determine the cause and provide recommendations to avoid future, similar problems. Historically, the primary modes of corrosion failure of T304SS and T316SS have been experienced not only in the Citrus Industry but also in the chemical and petrochemical industries. These modes of corrosion include localized corrosion in the form of pitting and crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Successful long-term performance is best obtained when (1) the correct alloy is selected for the application; (2) piping and equipment are carefully fabricated and passivated prior to being placed in service; and (3) the process system design and operation minimizes stagnation and solids deposition, especially at elevated temperature. A table listing the composition of the most commonly available and specified 300 series austenitic stainless steels is shown in Table 1. Paper published with permission.

Corrosion performance of cold deformed austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Talha ◽  
Yucong Ma ◽  
Yuanhua Lin ◽  
Yong Pan ◽  
Xiangwei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Localized Corrosion

AbstractAustenitic stainless steels possess an excellent balance of strength and ductility along with the high ability to further raise their strength during cold deformation (CD). Corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels (SSs) is affected by cold deformation because passive films on the surface of steels are expected to be modified. A low level of CD enhances the surface diffusion, which results in the formation of a stable passive film leading to an increase in the corrosion resistance in neutral chloride solutions. The chromium content in the passive film on a deformed steel surface is usually richer, with a higher Cr/Fe ratio than that formed on annealed steels. A higher chromium content makes surface films more stable, which improves the corrosion resistance. However, severe CD results in the formation of strain-induced martensite phase and deformation twins, which decreases the localized corrosion resistance by increasing the number of active anodic sites on the surface. The corrosion resistance, especially the pitting resistance, in SSs is diminished with increasing volume fraction of the martensite. In this review, we highlighted the failure modes of corrosion of stainless steel implants, factors affecting corrosion, and effect of CD on mechanical properties and emphatically on the corrosion resistance of SSs for biomedical applications.

Radiation Damage Studies with the HVEM

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 680-681
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler ◽  
B. Mastel
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Development Laboratory ◽  
Insight Into

One of the major materials problems encountered in the development of fast breeder reactors for commercial power generation is the phenomenon of swelling in core structural components and fuel cladding. This volume expansion, which is due to the retention of lattice vacancies by agglomeration into large polyhedral clusters (voids), may amount to ten percent or greater at goal fluences in some austenitic stainless steels. From a design standpoint, this is an undesirable situation, and it is necessary to obtain experimental confirmation that such excessive volume expansion will not occur in materials selected for core applications in the Fast Flux Test Facility, the prototypic LMFBR now under construction at the Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (HEDL). The HEDL JEM-1000 1 MeV electron microscope is being used to provide an insight into trends of radiation damage accumulation in stainless steels, since it is possible to produce atom displacements at an accelerated rate with 1 MeV electrons, while the specimen is under continuous observation.

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