Development of Organoclays for Use in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1557-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirtys Allamana Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The organoclays are derived from bentonite clays treated in aqueous solution with surfactants, which are incorporated into the interlayer surface of clays, covering them with an organic layer; so, the naturally hydrophilic clay becomes hydrophobic. This paper proposes a study to find the dispersant media (diesel, paraffin or ester) which is more suitable for use in fluids, using the bentonite clay Cloisite Na +, treated with ionic surfactants Praepagen HY and Praepagen WB. The organoclay obtained was characterized by X-ray diffraction, and we measured the apparent viscosity and plastic dispersions. We observed the importance of the type of surfactant and dispersant amid to obtain organoclays for non-aqueous drilling fluids with the dispersants that meet existing specifications for drilling oil wells.

Influence of Organophilization Process Variables in Bentonite Clays from Cubati-PB

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1467-1472
Author(s):  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Costa ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Heber Carlos Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Organic Media ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Sodium Form

This work aims at the development of organoclay from two varieties of bentonite for use in organic media using ionic surfactants, studying the influence of process variables in the organophilization process. We used the following materials: natural bentonite clay from Cubati-PB District, and the ionic quaternary ammonium salt: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The clays were benefited and then turned into sodium form and subsequently into organoclays. The bentonites were characterized by laser diffraction (GA) X-ray fluorescence chemical composition (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The organoclays were characterized by (XRD) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetry (DTA). The results showed that the clay has potential for application in the organophilization process and that there is influence of process variables.

Study of Process Variables for Organofilization of the Bentonite Clay from Cubati, Pb

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
C.D. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueiredo ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
J.M. Cartaxo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town

Bentonite clays, after treated with surfactants, are called organofilic clays. The objective of this work is the development of organofilic clays, using ionic surfactants, based on a variety of smectite from Cubati, PB, for application in organic media. The following materials were used: Superior Gray bentonite clay from the town of Cubati, PB, Brazil, and the ionic surfactants Praepagen WB® and Praepagen HY®. The clay was characterized with basis on the granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (AG), chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and thermal differential (DTA). The clay was processed and then turned into sodic and later into organofilic clays. The results prove that there was intercalation of the ionic surfactant into the clay fraction, and that the process variables did not affect the organofilization process, but the surfactant type has influence on the process.

scholarly journals Studies of new occurrences of bentonite clays in the State of Paraíba for use in water based drilling fluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle A. Silva ◽  
Julliana Marques R. Costa ◽  
Romualdo R. Menezes ◽  
Heber S. Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires de A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
New Occurrences

New bentonite clay deposits have recently been discovered in the state of Paraíba, mainly in the municipalities of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, creating great expectations in view of the possibility of expanding industrial production using these new reserves. The aim of this study was to study the new occurrences of bentonite clay in Paraíba, particularly in the municipality of Pedra Lavrada, for use in water based drilling fluids. The mineralogical properties of the clays were characterized by particle size analysis using laser diffraction, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and its chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area. The bentonite clays were treated with sodium carbonate at concentrations of 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175mEq/100g of dry clay, to transform them from polycationic to sodium form. For the technological characterization, drilling fluids were prepared according to the standards of Petrobras. The results indicated that the mineralogical composition of the samples consisted of montmorillonite, kaolinite and quartz. As for their rheological properties, the samples were found to partially meet the rheological requirements of the Petrobras standard.

Preparation of Organoclay for Polymeric Nanocomposites Membranes

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 899-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Machado Medeiros ◽  
Taciana Regina de Gouveia Silva ◽  
Luana Rodrigues Kojuch ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Contact Area ◽  
Bentonite Clays

Bentonites are the most used fillers in the development of nanocomposites, due to their characteristics that provide nanosized particles, contributing to a large contact area between the clay and the polymer. In general, the additions of small amounts of organoclay improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Bentonite clays and organoclays were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetry (TG). The results of XRF, XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of quaternary ammonium salt in the organoclay structure. From TG, it was observed that the organoclay showed better thermal stability when compared with bentonite clay.

Purification of Bentonite Clays from the District of Cubati, PB, for Obtainment of Organoclays for Use in Drilling Fluids

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1444-1450
Author(s):  
J.M.R. de Figueirêdo ◽  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays

The main deposits of bentonite clays are located in the district of Boa Vista, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The random exploration of these deposits for many years is causing the clays to be depleted, and this will turn into a serious problem to the national petroleum industry. So, this work aims to study the characterization of new deposits of bentonite clays in the district of Cubati, in the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with the objective of developing purified organoclays, using a hydrocyclone, from ionic and non-ionic surfactants for use in drilling fluids. The characterization of the studied clay samples was done by applying the following techniques: granulometric analysis by laser diffraction (GA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential thermogravimetric (DTA) analysis. The characterization is typical of bentonites and the dispersions present rheological properties which meet Petrobras’ specifications for diesel oil media, organofilized with Praepagen WB.

Study of Variables in the Organofilization Process of Bentonite Clays from Cubati, PB, Brazil, with Ionic Surfactants

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 492-497
Author(s):  
Carla Dantas da Silva ◽  
Rosa do Carmo de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Figueirêdo ◽  
Isabelle Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Gelmires de Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
The Town

Organoclays are used as disperse agent in the composition of drilling fluids, which play important roles during the drilling of petroleum wells. This work is intended to develop several kinds of smectite from Cubati-PB for use in drilling fluids, using the ionic surfactant Praepagen WB. The following materials were used: natural Gray and Superior Green bentonite, from the town of Cubati-PB, and quaternary ammonium salts: Praepagen WB® with 45% active matter. The organoclays were characterized by laser diffraction granulometric analysis, chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. In general, we noticed that the clays present diffractograms and thermal behavior typical of bentonites. The results showed that the studied clay has potential for organofilization. With respect to the process variables, we observed that they do not interfere in the organofilization process.

Nonionic Surfactant Organoclays Obtaining from Pedra Lavrada District Clays, PB, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1563-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Costa ◽  
Mirtys Allamana Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Heber Sivini Ferreira ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Dispersing Medium ◽  
Clay Interlayer ◽  
New Occurrences

The State of Paraíba has large reserves of bentonite clays, mainly in the District of Boa Vista. New occurrences were recently discovered in the Districts of Pedra Lavrada and Cubatí, Paraíba, Brazil, creating great expectations for further expansion of reserves for industrial production. The use of nonionic surfactants is replacing the traditional ionic surfactants, among others, by its high resistance potential to thermal degradation. The objective is the development organoclays from Pedra Lavrada District PB, Brazil, clays, by adding non-ionic surfactants. The bentonites were organofilized and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA and DTA) and Foster swelling, seeking the most appropriate choice of surfactants to the diesel organic dispersing medium. The results showed that incorporation of surfactants used in the clay interlayer spacing increased significantly.

Organofilization of Smectite Clay from Pedra Lavrada, PB, with Nonionic Surfactant

2014 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Isabelle Albuquerque Silva ◽  
Alexsandra Cristina Chaves ◽  
Julliana Marques Rocha Figueirêdo ◽  
Carla Dantas Silva ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Smectite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Mineral Production

The petroleum industry has been investing for many years in the use of smectite as dispersant agent in the composition of oil-based and water-based fluids for drilling oil wells. The State of Paraíba is one of the largest producers of such clays and new deposits have been recently discovered in the regions of Cubati and Pedra Lavrada, causing many expectations for the expansion of the national mineral production. The objective of the present work is the organofilization of smectite clay from Pedra Lavrada, PB, through the addition of nonionic surfactant. After organofilization, the clay was characterized through X-ray diffraction and Foster swelling, so that the most suitable surfactant could be chosen for diesel as organic dispersant media. The results show that the incorporation of the surfactant used with the clay caused a significant increase in the interlamellar distance, and that the dispersions presented rheological properties that meet Petrobras' specifications for the use of organoclays in non aqueous based drilling fluids. Keywords: Smectite, drilling fluids, organofilization.

scholarly journals Influence of the purification of bentonite clay from new deposits in the state of Paraíba-Brazil for use in water-based drilling fluids

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. S. Pereira ◽  
V. C. Silva ◽  
J. F. Duarte Neto ◽  
G. A. Neves ◽  
H. C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

Abstract Bentonite clay is used all around the world as an additive in drilling fluids. However, impurities present in this material can compromise the compatibility of the clay-fluid system. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the purification of bentonite samples from new deposits in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to make them usable in water-based drilling fluids. The samples were first purified by centrifugation, and their characteristics were determined using the following techniques: laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, cation exchange capacity, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. After these determinations, the polycationic clay samples were made sodic through the addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the proportion of 125 meq/100 g of dry clay. The rheological and filtration properties (apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume) were then tested. The results showed that the purification process was efficient for removing accessory minerals such as quartz, iron, and carbonates. With regard to rheological and filtration properties, the results following centrifugation showed that the material can be suitable for use in water-based drilling fluids.

Structural Study of a new Compound Based on Acid 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic (1,4-CDC)

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 891-896
Author(s):  
Manel Halouani ◽  
M. Dammak ◽  
N. Audebrand ◽  
L. Ktari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compound I ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid

One nickel 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate coordination polymers, Ni2 [(O10C6H4)(COO)2].2H2O  (I), was hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous solution of Ni (NO3)2.6H2O, (1,4-CDC) (1,4-CDC = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) and tetramethylammonium nitrate. Compound (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the C2/m space group. The unit cell parameters are a = 20.1160 (16) Å, b = 9.9387 (10) Å, c = 6.3672 (6) Å, β = 97.007 (3) (°), V= 1263.5 (2) (Å3) and Dx= 1.751g/cm3. The refinement converged into R= 0.036 and RW = 0.092. The structure, determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, consists of two nickel atoms Ni (1) and Ni (2). Lots of ways of which is surrounded by six oxygen atoms, a carboxyl group and two water molecules.

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