The Effect of Silica Fused Addition as Filler on Zircon Based Refractory Coating

Refractory coating is widely used in metal casting process to protect the mold from direct contact with molten metal. This coating also could improve the surface quality of casting product. Zircon is common materials that used as filler, but the materials cost is quite high. Therefore, alternative material is needed to make partial substitution of the filler. Silica Fused can be considered as filler because it has good refractoriness. This study aims to determine silica fused is reliable as an alternative to substitute zircon filler. The samples were made with 16%, 18%, and 20% silica fused addition and different treatment which were heated and non-heated drying. Particle size and distributions of the filler were analyzed using Particle Size Analysis. Viscosity measurement has been done to coating slurry to analyze the rheological characteristics of the slurry. The surface morphology of dried coating was taken using Scanning Electron Microscope. XRD test also has been done to analyse the compound. The quality of coating was determined from the thermal stability of the coating that was analyzed using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis. The result shows that silica fused is reliable as an alternative material for filler partial substitution.

Download Full-text

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI-ACNE ETHOSOMES USING COLD AND THIN-LAYER HYDRATION METHODS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.75 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 338

Author(s):

Rachmawati Ramadhana Mustofa ◽

Iskandarsyah .

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Size ◽

Thin Layer ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Multilamellar Vesicles ◽

Zeta Potentials ◽

Small Unilamellar Vesicles

Objective: This study aimed to prepare and characterize anti-acne ethosomes using the cold- and thin-layer hydration methods.Methods: A sonication step was included during ethosome preparation to improve the quality of the cold method. Azelaic acid, Phospholipon 90G,ethanol, propylene glycol, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were used in the procedures. Prepared ethosomal suspensions were characterized usingtransmission electron microscopy, particle-size analysis, and spectrophotometry.Results: Ethosomes prepared using the thin-layer hydration method (F1) had small unilamellar vesicles, while those prepared using the cold methodwith 15-min sonication (F4) showed spherical, elliptical, unilamellar, and multilamellar vesicles. F1 ethosomes had a Dmean volume of 648.57±231.26,whereas those prepared using the cold method with 5- (F2), 10- (F3), and 15-min (F4) sonication had Dmean volumes of 2734.04±231.49 nm,948.90±394.52 nm, and 931.69±471.84 nm, respectively. Polydispersity indices of F2, F3, and F4 ethosomes were 0.74±0.21, 0.86±0.05, and 0.91±0.03,respectively, with a poor particle-size distribution, compared to that of F1 (0.39±0.01). Zeta potentials of F1–F4 ethosomes were −38.27±1.72 mV,−23.53±1.04 mV, −31.4±1.04 mV, and −34.3±1.61 mV, respectively. Entrapment efficiencies of F1–F4 ethosomes were 90.71±0.11%, 53.84±3.16%,72.56±0.28%, and 75.11±1.42%, respectively.Conclusion: Anti-acne ethosomes produced using the thin-layer hydration method had superior properties than those produced using the coldmethod with 15-min sonication.

Download Full-text

Characterization and Granulometric Correction Soil for the Production of Soil-Cement Blocks for Two Method, Particle Size and X-Ray Florescence to be Inserted in Phase Change Materials (PCMS)

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.798-799.355 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 798-799 ◽

pp. 355-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Valter Bezerra Dantas ◽

U.U. Gomes ◽

A.B. Vital ◽

G.S. Marinho ◽

Ariadne de Souza Silva

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Phase Change Materials ◽

Clay Content ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Size Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Soil Cement

This paper presents the results of tests for characterization of soil samples collected in Mossoró-RN, UFERSA-RN Campus (5 ° 12'34 .68 "South latitude, 37 ° 19 '5.74 "west longitude), for the purpose of producing soil-cement for the manufacture of pressed blocks. Objective of improving the quality of soil-cement, and provide conditions for the use of the soil making it ideal for the production of soil-cement block. Tests of compaction, particle size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit and correct particle size, X-ray fluorescence and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was concluded that the soil needs correction particle size, due to the high clay content. The method combined grading, sieving, sedimentation and blooming X-ray as the fastest and most accurate in correcting soil particle size.

Download Full-text

Carbon Quality of Four-Year-Old Woodchips in a Denitrification Bed Treating Agricultural Drainage Water

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.12642 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 995-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ehsan Ghane ◽

Gary W. Feyereisen ◽

Carl J. Rosen ◽

Ulrike W. Tschirner

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Agricultural Drainage ◽

Carbon Quality ◽

The Mean ◽

Lignocellulose Index ◽

Effect Of Age

Abstract. A denitrification bed is a system that can reduce the nitrate concentration in subsurface drainage water. There is a need to investigate the carbon quality of old woodchips to gain a better understanding of the effect of age on woodchip properties. The objectives of this study were to characterize the carbon quality and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of aged woodchips and to examine the suitability of a denitrification bed for a replicated experiment. To achieve these goals, we excavated four-year-old woodchips along the length of a 106.4 m long denitrification bed near Willmar, Minnesota, and analyzed them for particle size, C/N ratio, and carbon quality. Particle size analysis showed similarities from 12.5 to 106.4 m along the bed. We found a mean C/N ratio ranging from 58.4 ±3.17 to 153.4 ±9.57 (smallest at the inlet). The mean lignocellulose index (LCI, a measure of carbon quality) of the four-year-old woodchips ranged from 0.47 to 0.57 (highest at the inlet). The woodchip particle sizes, C/N ratios, and LCI from 25.9 to 106.4 m along the bed length were similar. In conclusion, the C/N ratio and LCI of the four-year-old woodchips showed effects of decomposition and increased woodchip carbon recalcitrance over time, respectively. Keywords: Denitrifying bioreactor, Tile drainage, Water quality, Woodchip bioreactor.

Download Full-text

CHARACTERIZATION OF TAILINGS FROM THE PROCESSING OF ORNAMENTAL ROCKS

Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering - BJPE ◽

10.47456/bjpe.v7i1.34210 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-116

Author(s):

Antonio Augusto Sousa ◽

Hilda Camila Nogueira ◽

Gabriela de Castro Araújo ◽

Felipe Augusto Sousa ◽

Alisson Rufino Andrade

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Cosmetic Industry ◽

Alternative Material

The processing of ornamental rocks promotes the constant generation of abrasive sludge, which, in turn, causes different types of contamination. The possibility of reusing residues generated in industrial processes has economic advantages, therefore, it is necessary to know the physical, chemical and mineral properties of these residues. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the possibilities of application of abrasive mud, generated in industries located in the city of Campina Grande - PB, based on its main characteristics. The methodology consisted of the following analyzes: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis and physical-chemical analysis. Chemical analyzes revealed that the residues have interesting characteristics, mainly for use in civil construction. The mineralogical analysis indicated that the sample has an essential mineral composition for the cosmetic industry, which was confirmed by the detected elements present. The study of the particle size characterized the sample as material of irregular shape and with good micronization, confirming the potential for reuse as a cosmetic, while the morphological analysis showed the presence of iron as a limiting factor for certain applications. Physico-chemical tests confirmed the characteristics common to abrasive sludge. The characterized samples showed, in general, satisfactory properties with regard to its use as an alternative material in different segments.

Download Full-text

Quality Blues: Indigenous Knowledge of Natural Indigo Identification in Southern China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-125963/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuru Shi ◽

Libin Zhang ◽

Lu Wang ◽

Shan Li ◽

Zuchuan Qiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Indigenous Knowledge ◽

Traditional Knowledge ◽

Southern China ◽

Quality Criterion ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Local People ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Material Basis

Abstract Background: As one of the oldest traditional dyes, natural indigo is commonly used for centuries by the people worldwide. In the process of indigo production, indigenous people have formed unique knowledge of indigo identification because the indigo identification is crucial for indigo quality control and the dyeing effects. However, such indigenous knowledge is rarely documented and explained. Therefore, the aims of this study were to i) document and assess the indigenous knowledge of local people identifying the natural indigo paste and ii) to explore the characteristics and material basis of such indigenous knowledge.Method: Three ethnobotanical studies were conducted in 2019 and 2020. A total of 283 traditional indigo-paste artisans were interviewed in Guizhou, Yunnan, and Fujian Provinces. Frequency of citation, Mention index, and Fidelity level of each indigo-paste quality criterion were calculated to determine the most commonly used, most recognized, and most important quality criterion. To explore the characteristics and material basis of such traditional knowledge, we analyzed 21 samples we collected by using HPLC, pH and particle size analysis methods.Results: Local people possess unique knowledge to identify natural indigo. After thousands of years, they finally chose four criteria (color, taste, touch, and dyeing ability) and based on this, the nature indigo was divided into five quality grades. The best folk criterion was as following: dark blue with purple-red luster, smooth and difficult to wipe off; it should have a "sweet" or "spicy" taste, and dye cloth easily. It found that the higher the indigo and indirubin contents, especially indirubin content, the better the quality of the indigo paste. Within the 9-12 range, pH of high quality indigo-paste was lower. However, there was no significance difference between particle size and quality.Conclusion: The ancient methods used by the local people for identifying natural indigo are comprehensive and unique. This study revealed the importance of indirubin and pH for assessing the quality of indigo paste by documenting the various folk quality criteria and quantitative experiments. These findings differ from existing synthetic indigo-quality standards. Amid rapid modernization, traditional knowledge remains invaluable in world heritage of humanity that warrants preservation.

Download Full-text