Patency of radial arterial catheters

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kaye ◽  
GR Heald ◽  
J Morton ◽  
T Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Radiocarpal Joint ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Insertion Sites

BACKGROUND: Data on the influence of flush methods, blood-sampling methods, and site location on the patency of radial arterial catheters used for pressure monitoring are sparse. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of flush and blood-sampling methods, insertion site, and sex of patients on catheter patency. METHODS: In a randomized trial, 174 patients requiring radial arterial pressure monitoring were assigned to 4 groups: fast flush as needed and nonwaste blood sampling; fast flush as needed and waste blood sampling; fast flush every 4 hours and waste blood sampling; and fast flush every 4 hours and nonwaste blood sampling. All site locations were evaluated for patency, and all monitoring systems were maintained with isotonic sodium chloride solution. RESULTS: Nonpatent catheters were 4.23 times more likely in patients with insertion sites 3 cm or higher above the bend of the wrist than in patients with lower sites (P = .01). Duration of patency did not differ between catheters maintained with fast flush every 4 hours and those flushed as needed or between catheters according to the method of blood sampling. Women were 3.05 times more likely than men to have nonpatent catheters (P = .02). With insertion sites 3 cm or higher above the radiocarpal joint, nonpatency was 7.3 times more likely in women than in men (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Insertion sites closest to the bend of the wrist increase chances of maintaining patency. Catheters can be maintained with as-needed flushes, and either waste or nonwaste blood sampling can be used.

scholarly journals Tn5406, a New Staphylococcal Transposon Conferring Resistance to Streptogramin A and Related Compounds Including Dalfopristin

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Haroche ◽  
Jeanine Allignet ◽  
Névine El Solh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Acid Identity ◽  
Abc Protein ◽  
Single Plasmid ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
Related Compounds

ABSTRACT We characterized a new transposon, Tn5406 (5,467 bp), in a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus (BM3327). It carries a variant of vgaA, which encodes a putative ABC protein conferring resistance to streptogramin A but not to mixtures of streptogramins A and B. It also carries three putative genes, the products of which exhibit significant similarities (61 to 73% amino acid identity) to the three transposases of the staphylococcal transposon Tn554. Like Tn554, Tn5406 failed to generate target repeats. In BM3327, the single copy of Tn5406 was inserted into the chromosomal att554 site, which is the preferential insertion site of Tn554. In three other independent S. aureus clinical isolates, Tn5406 was either present as a single plasmid copy (BM3318), as two chromosomal copies (BM3252), or both in the chromosome and on a plasmid (BM3385). The Tn5406-carrying plasmids also contain two other genes, vgaB and vatB. The insertion sites of Tn5406 in BM3252 were studied: one copy was in att554, and one copy was in the additional SCCmec element. Amplification experiments revealed circular forms of Tn5406, indicating that this transposon might be active. To our knowledge, a transposon conferring resistance to streptogramin A and related compounds has not been previously described.

Comparison of the effects of open-tube and evacuated tube–assisted sampling methods on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from healthy dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Verena Steiner ◽  
Ilse Schwendenwein ◽  
Iwan Anton Burgener ◽  
Maximilian Pagitz ◽  
Alexander Tichy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Open Tube ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Evacuated Tube

Abstract OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of open-tube blood sampling with previously investigated blood sampling methods via evacuated tube on thromboelastography variables for blood samples from dogs. ANIMALS 10 healthy Beagles from the research colony owned by the Clinic of Small Animal Internal Medicine, University Veterinary of Medicine, Vienna, were used. PROCEDURES In this prospective study, blood was sampled from each dog serially into citrate solution–containing tubes via 20-gauge needle. One evacuated tube was filled from a jugular vein via the evacuated tube port, and the second tube was opened and filled by catching blood flowing through the needle from a lateral saphenous vein. Venipuncture quality was scored with a previously described method. Thromboelastography was performed for each sample. RESULTS Inferential statistics used with the Wilcoxon signed rank test showed significant differences in reaction time (R) of 3.43 ± 0.84 minutes versus 4.53 ± 0.62 minutes (mean ± SD) between evacuated tube assisted and open-tube sampling, respectively. No other significant differences were identified. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sampling methods compared have a small but significant effect on R in thromboelastographic analysis for blood samples from healthy dogs. Shear stress by vacuum sampling seems to accelerate coagulation in jugular blood samples harvested by evacuated tube, resulting in a shortened R. Results suggested that the open-tube method avoids shear stress induced activation of coagulation and is an appropriate sampling method for thromboelastography when used within a standardized protocol.

A comparison of transparent polyurethane and dry gauze dressings for peripheral i.v. catheter sites: rates of phlebitis, infiltration, and dislodgment by patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Tripepi-Bova ◽  
KD Woods ◽  
MC Loach
Keyword(s):  
Direct Observation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Gauze Dressing ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Lower Frequencies

BACKGROUND: Before a meta-analysis by Hoffman et al was published, polyurethane dressings were used at insertion sites for peripheral i.v. catheters at our institution. On the basis of the results of the meta-analysis, we began to use gauze dressings. The change from polyurethane dressings to gauze dressings limited direct observation of the i.v. insertion site, and i.v. catheters were anecdotally reported not to be anchored as securely as before. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the use of transparent polyurethane dressings and gauze dressings at insertion sites for peripheral i.v. catheters on the frequency of phlebitis, infiltration, and catheter dislodgment by patients. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive either gauze (n = 121) or transparent polyurethane (n = 108) dressings, and observations were recorded. RESULTS: The frequency of catheter dislodgment by the patient was significantly higher (P < .05) in patients with the gauze dressing (15%) than in patients with the transparent polyurethane dressing (6%). A trend toward lower frequencies of phlebitis (1.8% vs 3.3%) and infiltration (17.6% vs 20.7%) was noted in the patients with the transparent polyurethane dressings. DISCUSSION: The clinical advantages of the transparent polyurethane dressings lie in the ease of direct visualization of the i.v. insertion site and the securement of the i.v. catheter. CONCLUSION: At our institution, given the decreased disruption of the i.v. therapy with the transparent polyurethane dressings and the lack of differences in the rates of phlebitis or infiltration with the two types of dressings, we prefer to use transparent polyurethane rather than gauze dressings at insertion sites for peripheral i.v. catheters.

Fundamentals of Pharmacokinetics to Assess the Correlation Between Plasma Drug Concentrations and Different Blood Sampling Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ching Chen ◽  
Pei-Wei Huang ◽  
Wan-Ling Yang ◽  
Yen-Lun Chen ◽  
Ying-Ning Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Plasma Drug ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Drug Concentrations

Key Technologies for Ground Pressure Monitoring System

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 370-373
Author(s):  
Hui Jun Liang ◽  
Bi Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Ground Pressure ◽  
Displacement Sensors ◽  
Key Technologies

Ground pressure monitoring systems have been installed in many mines; there are several methods which have been used in this monitoring system, in this paper the key technologies are elaborated about ground pressure monitoring, which includes displacement sensors, the choice of power supply, the arrange of network, the serial-Ethernet convertor and human-machine interface’s design.

scholarly journals Characterization of New Virulence Factors Involved in the Intracellular Growth and Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine G. Moule ◽  
Natasha Spink ◽  
Sam Willcocks ◽  
Jiali Lim ◽  
José Afonso Guerra-Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Insertion Sites

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has complex and poorly understood extracellular and intracellular lifestyles. We used transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) to retrospectively analyze a transposon library that had previously been screened through a BALB/c mouse model to identify genes important for growth and survivalin vivo. This allowed us to identify the insertion sites and phenotypes of negatively selected mutants that were previously overlooked due to technical constraints. All 23 unique genes identified in the original screen were confirmed by TraDIS, and an additional 105 mutants with various degrees of attenuationin vivowere identified. Five of the newly identified genes were chosen for further characterization, and clean, unmarkedbpsl2248,tex,rpiR,bpsl1728, andbpss1528deletion mutants were constructed from the wild-type strain K96243. Each of these mutants was testedin vitroandin vivoto confirm their attenuated phenotypes and investigate the nature of the attenuation. Our results confirm that we have identified new genes important toin vivovirulence with roles in different stages ofB. pseudomalleipathogenesis, including extracellular and intracellular survival. Of particular interest, deletion of the transcription accessory protein Tex was shown to be highly attenuating, and thetexmutant was capable of providing protective immunity against challenge with wild-typeB. pseudomallei, suggesting that the genes identified in our TraDIS screen have the potential to be investigated as live vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Do we need inbuilt pressure monitoring systems across all cuffed airway devices?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Venkatesan Thiruvenkatarajan ◽  
John Currie ◽  
Richard B Emmerson ◽  
Roelof M Van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Airway Devices
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