Comparison of the  level of sensory blockade achieved when spinal anaesthesia is performed for caesarean section before and after urinary bladder catheterisation: a randomised controlled study

Introduction:Vernal keratoconjunctivitis(VKC) is a chronic, recurrent, inammatory disease of ocular surface showing seasonal exacerbation, affecting young children. Topical steroids are the mainstay in the treatment of ocular allergy, but their use should be judicious since they carry serious side effects . Loteprednol and uorometholone carry better safety prole. Present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the efcacy of these two widely used steroids.Objectives:To compare total subjective symptom score (TSSS), total objective sign score (TOSS) and side effects of medications before and after treatment at each visit.Materials & Methods:A prospective randomised controlled study was performed on 92 patients of VKC over four weeks. Patients were allotted to either of the two arms of treatment (i.e. LP 0.5% or FML 0.1%). Subjective and objective assessments of the signs and symptoms of VKC were done using standard scoring methodologies at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post treatment. The main outcome measure was measured in terms of TSSS and TOSS before and after treatment at each visit. Secondary outcomes included side effects. Statistical analysis of the data collected was carried out.Results: Loteprednol showed greater reduction in symptoms initially but by the end of study there was no statistically signicant difference in effect between the two drugs.Conclusions: Final improvement in clinical features and safety prole, at the end of 4 weeks was similar in eyes treated with either of the two drugs. Hence, both the drugs can be safely used in the treatment of VKC.

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The impact of copper impregnated wound dressings on surgical site infection following caesarean section: a double blind randomised controlled study

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 251 ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Linda P. Arendsen ◽

R. Thakar ◽

P. Bassett ◽

A.H. Sultan

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Surgical Site Infection ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Site Infection ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomised Controlled Study ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Impact

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A randomised, controlled study of uterine exteriorization and repair at caesarean section

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08429.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 106 (9) ◽

pp. 913-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

M. A. Wahab ◽

P. Karantzis ◽

P. S. Eccersley ◽

I. F. Russell ◽

J. W. Thompson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Randomised Controlled Study ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Urinary Effects of Routine Urethral Catheterisation during Elective Caesarean Section in Enugu, Nigeria: A Randomised Controlled Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/46240.14652 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elijah Nduka Onwudiwe ◽

Hyginus Uzo Ezegwui ◽

Cyril Chukwudi Dim ◽

Chibuike Ogwuegbu Chigbu ◽

Chinyere Florence Onwudiwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Urinary Retention ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Catheter Group ◽

Urethral Catheterisation ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Randomised Controlled

Introduction: Routine urinary catheterisation during elective caesarean section is a common practice. However, this practice involves some urinary bladder morbidities. Aim: To determine the effect of non-catheterisation of the urinary bladder on the incidence of significant bacteriuria and other perioperative urinary bladder morbidities during elective caesarean section in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, non-inferiority randomised controlled study was conducted. The study centres were the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital (MOCSH), and Blessed Assurance Specialist Hospital (BASH), all in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 264 eligible consenting term pregnant women who had a caesarean section in these three specialist centres in Enugu, Nigeria over a one-year period were recruited and they completed the study and their results were analysed. Study group (A) did not receive urethral catheterisation while the control group (B) had urethral catheterisation on the operating table and the catheters were removed 24 hours after the surgery. Clean catched urine samples were collected from each participant 72 hours after the surgery for urine microscopy and culture. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of significant bacteriuria 72 hours postoperatively while the secondary outcome measures included incidence of intraoperative bladder injury (accidental cystostomy), primary postpartum haemorrhage and urinary retention. Results: Nine (6.8%) women in the non-catheter group (n=132) had significant bacteriuria as against 17 (12.9%) women in the catheter group (n=132), (Relative Risk (RR)=0.5 (95% CI: 0.24-1.14) p=0.098). Urinary retention was observed in 10.6% (14/132) of the non-catheter group while there was no case of urinary retention in the control group (p<0.001). There was neither a case of accidental cystostomy nor postpartum haemorrhage in either group. Conclusion: Non-catheterisation of the urinary bladder during elective caesarean section had no significant relationship with the incidence of significant bacteriuria in Enugu, Nigeria. Rather, it was associated with postoperative urinary retention when compared to women who had a urinary catheter.

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