THIOTEPA AS AN EFFECTIVE AGENT FOR MASS STERILIZING THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractTopical application of thiotepa on the adult male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, at a concentration of 10 μg/insect resulted in 100% sterility. Unlike metepa, thiotepa did not have any apparent adverse effects on the competency of the sperms. Large numbers of male moths can be sterilized by allowing them to walk for 30 min on filter paper treated with a 2.5% solution of thiotepa in a 3:1 mixture of acetone and diffusion pump oil.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRODUCING LARGE NUMBERS OF SECOND-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail Grisdale
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA method for weekly production in excess of 100,000 second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura jumiferana (Clem.), is described. It depends on adherence to specific regimes of physical conditions and manipulation for the different immature stages. Standard, easily obtained utensils and materials are used in the rearing technique.

A Relation Between April and May Temperatures and Spruce Budworm Larval Emergence

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Rose ◽  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Four Square

In the spring, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)), emerge as second-instar larvae from hibernacula. This emergence may be sudden and is readily detectable in the field. In northwestern Ontario, the sudden appearance of larvae in large numbers was especially spectacular in 1948; that year, very few insects were observed on May 11, but on the following two days, countless larvae could be seen on strands of silk streaming out from trees. Many of the insects were carried away by air currents. The surface of Big Canon Lake, a body of water close to four square miles in area, was covered with larvae, at an estimated density of 100 larvae per square foot of surface. At other times, however, emergence may be gradual or there may be two distinct periods of abundant emergence. Furthermore, the time of abundant larval emergence through six years has varied by as much as four weeks. Because of such differences, prevailing spring temperatures were examined to determine what relationship might exist between temperature and the time and character of emergence. This paper points out a relationship between emergence and April and May temperatures, and an apparent temperature threshold for emergence.

A METHOD FOR SEPARATING AND SURFACE STERILIZING THE EGGS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 712-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran ◽  
John French
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Sterile Filter

AbstractA simple method for separating and surface sterilizing spruce budworm eggs is described. The egg masses are incubated with constant agitation in a 1% solution of NaOH for 10 minutes at 35 °C. The separated eggs are rinsed serially in distilled water, 1% bovine albumen solution, and 70% ethanol, and placed on a moist, sterile filter paper in a petri dish. When surface sterilized eggs are not required the 70% ethanol wash can be omitted.

A dipping technique for selecting house-flies, Musca domestica L., for resistance to insecticides

1964 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sawicki ◽  
A. W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Resistant Strains

A dipping technique for exposing large numbers of house-flies (Musca domestica L.) to measured doses of insecticide is described. It is suitable for selecting resistant populations and, while giving consistent results, is more rapid than other techniques used for this purpose.Up to 2,000 flies of both sexes, less than 24 hr. old, are immersed for three minutes in 100 ml. of a 70 per cent, mixture of acetone and water containing the required concentration of insecticide, using a 9-cm. sintered glass Büchner funnel as the immersion chamber. The liquid is then removed by suction, the sides of the funnel are wiped with filter paper, and the flies are allowed to drain for three minutes; they are then transferred in small batches to plastic recovery chambers containing food. Mortality is recorded next day, and the survivors are released into breeding cages.Experiments showed that immersion for three minutes in 70 per cent, acetone was virtually harmless to the flies and that the amount of insecticide deposited on individual flies was reasonably uniform (coefficient of variation about 20%). Batches of 2,000 flies, but not more, could be treated at one time.When the dipping technique was compared with topical application of measured drops of insecticide, using a susceptible strain of house-flies and two other strains that were resistant to DDT and diazinon, dipping gave steeper log-probit regression lines than topical application, and the LD50's and resistance factors of the resistant strains were smaller. With flies resistant to DDT, dipping gave straight regression lines whereas topical application gave compound lines.

PROTHORACIC MUSCULATURE OF THE ADULT MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Mitchell ◽  
W. D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm

AbstractThe musculature of the prothorax and the prothoracic coxa of the adult male Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) is described in detail and is compared with three other families of the Lepidoptera.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CATCH IN PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS AND LARVAL DENSITY OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Ramaswamy ◽  
R. T. Cardé ◽  
J. A. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Highly Correlated

AbstractLarval densities and catch of adult male Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) in pheromone-baited covered funnel traps in the same year were highly correlated. Such traps avoid saturation problems associated with conventional sticky traps. Release of marked males resulted in recapture rates of up to 21% in covered funnel traps. The findings suggest that non-saturating pheromone-baited traps could be used to monitor population densities and trends of the spruce budworm.

THE EFFECT OF THE POXVIRUS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), ON MAMMALS AND BIRDS

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Buckner ◽  
John C. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Rats And Mice

AbstractLaboratory-bred rats and mice fed heavy doses of the poxvirus of the spruce budworm showed no ill effects and made normal weight gains as compared with controls over a period of 8 weeks, and no deaths occurred in the treated groups. Laboratory and wild mammals exposed to aerial spray in open-topped cages similarly showed no adverse effects. Population densities, fecundity, and other pertinent life history parameters of small mammals and birds were studied relative to treatment of a forest with the poxvirus for control of spruce budworm. There were no observable interactions between these small vertebrates and the virus. It is concluded that, from the standpoint of homoiothermic vertebrates, the virus is a safe insecticide.

INTERACTION OF EVENING GROSBEAK (HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA) AND SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)) IN A LOCALIZED BUDWORM OUTBREAK TREATED WITH DDT IN QUEBEC

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
G. H. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Large Numbers

Control of a localized spruce budworm outbreak in southeastern Quebec was achieved through the combined effects of chemical treatment with DDT and natural control factors. Amongst the latter, predation by evening grosbeaks was suspected to have been of considerable importance. It appears that the birds were attracted to the outbreak area in unusually large numbers during their spring migration. The yearly influx of the grosbeaks in the area occurred when the budworm was in the late larval and the pupal stages, an especially critical period with respect to generation survival of this insect. In 1963, the year following collapse of the outbreak, very few grosbeaks were seen in the area. There was no direct evidence that the birds suffered ill effects from the spraying operation.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE BRAIN AND SUBOESOPHAGEAL GANGLION OF THE ADULT MALE OF CHORISTONE URA FUMIFERANA (CLEMENS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ellis White ◽  
W. D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Suboesophageal Ganglion ◽  
Optic Nerves ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
The Brain

The neuromorphology of the brain and suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) of the adult male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), is described and compared with information in the existing literature on adult Lepidoptera. The brain, SOG, and connecting nerves are illustrated. Protocerebral nerves include two pairs to the corpora cardiaca as well as optic nerves and ocellar pedicels. One pair of antennal nerves innervate the deuto-cerebrum and the tritocerebrum is innervated by one pair of labrofontalis nerves. Five pairs of nerves arise from the SOG: the mandibular, maxillary, labial, and two pairs of cervical nerves.

PTEROTHORACIC MUSCULATURE OF THE ADULT MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Mitchell ◽  
W. D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
General Plan

AbstractThe musculature of the pterothorax of the adult male Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) is described in detail and the arrangement of muscles is shown to correspond closely to other lepidopterans. A comparison with the general plan of the alate segment is also attempted.

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