A Relation Between April and May Temperatures and Spruce Budworm Larval Emergence

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Rose ◽  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Sudden Appearance ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Four Square

In the spring, spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem)), emerge as second-instar larvae from hibernacula. This emergence may be sudden and is readily detectable in the field. In northwestern Ontario, the sudden appearance of larvae in large numbers was especially spectacular in 1948; that year, very few insects were observed on May 11, but on the following two days, countless larvae could be seen on strands of silk streaming out from trees. Many of the insects were carried away by air currents. The surface of Big Canon Lake, a body of water close to four square miles in area, was covered with larvae, at an estimated density of 100 larvae per square foot of surface. At other times, however, emergence may be gradual or there may be two distinct periods of abundant emergence. Furthermore, the time of abundant larval emergence through six years has varied by as much as four weeks. Because of such differences, prevailing spring temperatures were examined to determine what relationship might exist between temperature and the time and character of emergence. This paper points out a relationship between emergence and April and May temperatures, and an apparent temperature threshold for emergence.

CARPENTER ANTS AS PREDATORS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM IN THE BOREAL FOREST OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders ◽  
A. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Carpenter Ants ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Laboratory Colony

AbstractIn the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario, where carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) construct extensive underground tunnels, few worker ants were seen on the aerial portions of trees containing colonies of the ants or on neighboring trees, even though the trees were infested by large numbers of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] larvae. Immunochemical techniques detected less spruce budworm soluble protein in worker ants from this area than in a laboratory colony that had been fed budworm larvae, or in a colony located in a spruce tree that was surrounded by gravel where the ants were unable to build underground tunnels and instead foraged extensively in the tree crown. This suggests that, in contrast to evidence from western North America, carpenter ants in the boreal forests of northwestern Ontario, and perhaps elsewhere throughout the range of the spruce budworm, are of limited importance as predators of the spruce budworm.

AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRODUCING LARGE NUMBERS OF SECOND-INSTAR SPRUCE BUDWORM LARVAE, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1955-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dail Grisdale
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers

AbstractA method for weekly production in excess of 100,000 second-instar larvae of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura jumiferana (Clem.), is described. It depends on adherence to specific regimes of physical conditions and manipulation for the different immature stages. Standard, easily obtained utensils and materials are used in the rearing technique.

THIOTEPA AS AN EFFECTIVE AGENT FOR MASS STERILIZING THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1753-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Retnakaran
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Diffusion

AbstractTopical application of thiotepa on the adult male spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens, at a concentration of 10 μg/insect resulted in 100% sterility. Unlike metepa, thiotepa did not have any apparent adverse effects on the competency of the sperms. Large numbers of male moths can be sterilized by allowing them to walk for 30 min on filter paper treated with a 2.5% solution of thiotepa in a 3:1 mixture of acetone and diffusion pump oil.

scholarly journals Relationship of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) emergence and balsam fir (Abies balsamea) bud flush to climate indices

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Larval Emergence ◽  
Temperature Records

Temperature records from weather stations across eastern Canada were used with published data on degree-day requirements for spruce budworm larval emergence and balsam fir bud flush to estimate historical patterns of larval emergence and timing of bud flush. The pattern of association was studied using Response Surface Analysis and was found to vary from west to east. April values of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Northern Annular Mode (NAM) climate indices showed the most significant relationship to both emergence and bud flush in the 2 Ontario stations, while May values of the PDO and Eastern Pacific (EP) indices were most significant in the 4 Quebec and New Brunswick locations. Key words: phenology, balsam fir, teleconnections

Spruce Budworm Parasite Studies in Northwestern Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 758-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. McGugan ◽  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
The West ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
Limited Basis ◽  
The University ◽  
Parasite Complex ◽  
General Influence

The extensive coniferous stands in northwestern Ontario have been subjected to repeated widespread outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (5). About 1939 two such outbreaks originated almost simultaneously, one on the west shores of Lake Nipigon and the other south of Lac Seul approximately 180 miles farther west. Each outbreak eventually covered thousands of square miles and was responsible for the destruction of hundreds of square miles of balsam fir forest. Studies of the parasite complex attacking the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario and the assessment of its general influence on budworm population trends were initiated in the Lake Nipigon outbreak in 1946 by Professor N. R. Brown, now of the University of New Brunswick, and were further developed by the senior author from 1947 to 1950. Similar investigations were initiated by the junior author in the Lac Seul outbreak in 1950 and continued until 1954. Studies in both areas were continued on a limited basis until 1956 through the co-operation of several research officers.

Notes on the Biology of Synetaeris tenuifemur Walley (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller ◽  
T. R. Renault
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Green River ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
North Western

The species discussed below was first recorded under the name Synetaeris n. sp. as a parasite of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., in Ontario by McGugan and Blais (1959), although they point out that it may have been collected from budworm in British Columbia during the 1940's but incorrectly identified at that time. These authors collected S. tenuifemur during the declining years of a budworm outbreak in the Lake Nipigon region of northwestern Ontario, and it was during the declining years of a severe outbreak that the parasite was first reared from budworm in the Green River area of north-western New Brunswick (Morris, 1963, in press). These data suggest that S. tenuifemur is associated with endemic budworm populations, an assumption advanced by McGugan and Blais (1959). However, it was not found in the Green River area from 1945 to 1947 when budworm density was at a low level prior to the 1949-1959 outbreak.

INTERACTION OF EVENING GROSBEAK (HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA) AND SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)) IN A LOCALIZED BUDWORM OUTBREAK TREATED WITH DDT IN QUEBEC

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais ◽  
G. H. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Outbreak Area ◽  
Large Numbers

Control of a localized spruce budworm outbreak in southeastern Quebec was achieved through the combined effects of chemical treatment with DDT and natural control factors. Amongst the latter, predation by evening grosbeaks was suspected to have been of considerable importance. It appears that the birds were attracted to the outbreak area in unusually large numbers during their spring migration. The yearly influx of the grosbeaks in the area occurred when the budworm was in the late larval and the pupal stages, an especially critical period with respect to generation survival of this insect. In 1963, the year following collapse of the outbreak, very few grosbeaks were seen in the area. There was no direct evidence that the birds suffered ill effects from the spraying operation.

Death and Deterioration of Balsam Fir Weakened by Spruce Budworm Defoliation in Ontario: Part I Notes on the seasonal history and habits of insects breeding in severely weakened and dead trees

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Belyea
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Seasonal History

One of the problems arising from severe outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), is the evaluation of the factors contributing to the decline of the host trees. An intensive study of the death and deterioration of balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., was carried out from 1946 to 1951 in the area southwest of Lake Nipigon in northwestern Ontario, where a severe spruce budworm outbreak was in progress.

MONITORING SPRUCE BUDWORM POPULATION DENSITY WITH SEX PHEROMONE TRAPS

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Sex Pheromone Traps

AbstractAnnual catches of male spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]) in sex pheromone traps over a 21-year period in northwestern Ontario were well correlated with larval population densities in each subsequent year (r2 = 81%). On the basis of the criterion of 3 successive years of increasing catches or a threshold of 50 moths per trap, warning of extensive defoliation could have been given 6 years in advance. In 18 plots in northwestern Ontario and 35 plots distributed throughout the province, coefficients of determination (r2) between catch and population density in the same generation ranged from 40 to 74% in 1982 and 1983, but fell below 23% in 1984 when population densities in many plots were high. Coefficients of determination between catch and population densities in the following generation (eggs or larvae) ranged from 41 to 62%. On the basis of several years of cooperative research, sex pheromone traps are now in operational use in eastern North America for monitoring spruce budworm populations.

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